View source for Normal Values of TEE

Reference values for normal adult TEE measurements. Adapted from Perrino et al.<cite>Perrino</cite>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"

|+'''Reference values for normal adult TEE measurements'''
!Parameter
!&nbsp;
!Mean ± SD (mm)
!Range (mm)

|-
| rowspan="2" | &nbsp;
| Right pulmonary artery diameter<sup>a</sup>
| align="center" | 17 ± 3
| align="center" | 12-22
|-
| Left upper pulmonary vein diameter
| align="center" | 11 ± 2
| align="center" | 7-16

|-
| rowspan="4" | Left atrial appendage
| Length
| align="center" | 28 ± 5
| align="center" | 15-43
|-
| Diameter
| align="center" | 16 ± 5
| align="center" | 10-28
|-
| Superior vena cava diameter
| align="center" | 15 ± 3
| align="center" | 8-20
|-
| Right ventricular outflow tract diameter<sup>b</sup>
| align="center" | 27 ± 4
| align="center" | 16-36

|-
| rowspan="2" | Left atrium<sup>c</sup>
| Anteroposterior diameter
| align="center" | 38 ± 6
| align="center" | 20-52
|-
| Medial-lateral diameter
| align="center" | 39 ± 7
| align="center" | 24-52

|-
| rowspan="5" | Right atrium<sup>c</sup>
| Anteroposterior diameter
| align="center" | 38 ± 5
| align="center" | 28-52
|-
| Medial-lateral diameter
| align="center" | 38 ± 6
| align="center" | 29-53
|-
| Tricuspid annular diameter<sup>c</sup>
| align="center" | 28 ± 5
| align="center" | 20-40
|-
| Mitral annular diameter<sup>c</sup>
| align="center" | 29 ± 4
| align="center" | 20-38
|-
| Coronary sinus diameter
| align="center" | 6.6 ± 1.5
| align="center" | 4-10

|-
| rowspan="5" | Left ventricle<sup>d</sup>
| Anteroposterior diameter (diastole)
| align="center" | 43 ± 7
| align="center" | 33-55
|-
| Medial-lateral diameter (diastole)
| align="center" | 42 ± 7
| align="center" | 23-54
|-
| Anteroposterior diameter (systole)
| align="center" | 28 ± 6
| align="center" | 18-40
|-
| Medial-lateral diameter (systole)
| align="center" | 27 ± 6
| align="center" | 18-42
|-
| Aortic root diameter<sup>b</sup>
| align="center" | 28 ± 3
| align="center" | 21-34

|-
| rowspan="2" | Descending thoracic aorta diameter
| Proximal
| align="center" | 21 ± 4
| align="center" | 14-30
|-
| Distal
| align="center" | 20 ± 4
| align="center" | 13-28

|-
| colspan="4" |
<ul>
<li><sup>a</sup>Right pulmonary artery diameter measured in midesophageal ascending aorta short-axis view.</li>
<li><sup>b</sup>Aortic root and right ventricular outflow tract diameters measured in the midesophageal right ventricular inflow/outflow tract view.</li>
<li><sup>c</sup>Atrial (end-systole) and both mitral and tricuspid annular (mid-diastole) diameters measured in the midesophageal four-chamber view.</li>
<li><sup>d</sup>Left ventricular dimensions measured in transgastric mid short-axis view.</li>
<li>SD, standard deviation.</li>
<li>Adapted from Cohen G, White M, Sochowski R, et al. Reference values for normal transesophageal measurements. <em>J Am Soc Echocardiogr</em> 1995;8:221-230.</li>
</ul>
|}

<!-- TABLE 3 -->

==Positions of measurements==
<gallery>
File:fig002.svg
File:fig003.svg
File:fig006.svg
File:fig007.svg
File:fig008.svg
File:fig009.svg
</gallery>
==References==
<biblio>
#Perrino isbn=0781773296
</biblio>