Mechanical

Mechanical prosthetic valves

Normal Values Mechanical Aortic Valve Art[1]

Valve	Type	Size (mm)	Peak gradient (mmHg)	Mean gradient (mmHg)	EOA (cm2)
ATS	Bileaflet	19	47.0 ± 12.6	25.3 ± 8	1.1 ± 0.3
		21	23.7 ± 6.8	15.9 ± 5.0	1.4 ± 0.5
		23		14.4 ± 4.9	1.7 ± 0.5
		25		11.3 ± 3.7	2.1 ± 0.7
		27		8.4 ± 3.7	2.5 ± 0.1
		29		8.0 ± 3.0	3.1 ± 0.8
		18		21.0 ± 1.8	1.2 ± 0.3
		20	21.4 ± 4.2	11.1 ± 3.5	1.3 ± 0.3
		22	18.7 ± 8.3	10.5 ± 4.5	1.7 ± 0.4
		24	15.1 ± 5.6	7.5 ± 3.1	2.0 ± 0.6
		26		6.0 ± 2.0	2.1 ± 0.4
Bjork-Shiley	Single tilting disc	21	38.9 ± 11.9	21.8 ± 3.4	1.1 ± 0.3
		23	28.8 ± 11.2	15.7 ± 5.3	1.3 ± 0.3
		25	23.7 ± 8.2	13.0 ± 5.0	1.5 ± 0.4
		27		10.0 ± 2.0	1.6 ± 0.3
Carbomedics Reduced	Bileaflet	19	43.4 ± 1.2	24.4 ± 1.2	1.2 ± 0.1
Carbomedics Standard	Bileaflet	19	38.0 ± 12.8	18.9 ± 8.3	1.0 ± 0.3
		21	26.8 ± 10.1	12.9 ± 5.4	1.5 ± 0.4
		23	22.5 ± 7.4	11.0 ± 4.6	1.4 ± 0.3
		25	19.6 ± 7.8	9.1 ± 3.5	1.8 ± 0.4
		27	17.5 ± 7.1	7.9 ± 3.2	2.2 ± 0.2
		29	9.1 ± 4.7	5.6 ± 3.0	3.2 ± 1.6
Carbomedics Tophat	Bileaflet	21	30.2 ± 10.9	14.9 ± 5.4	1.2 ± 0.3
		23	24.2 ± 7.6	12.5 ± 4.4	1.4 ± 0.4
		25		9.5 ± 2.9	1.6 ± 0.32
Edwards Duromedics	Bileaflet	21	39.0 ± 13
		23	32.0 ± 8.0
		25	26.0 ± 10.0
		27	24.0 ± 10.0
Edwards Mira	Bileaflet	19		18.2 ± 5.3	1.2 ± 0.4
		21		13.3 ± 4.3	1.6 ± 0.4
		23		14.7 ± 2.8	1.6 ± 0.6
		25		13.1 ± 3.8	1.9
MCRI On-X	Bileaflet	19	21.3 ± 10.8	11.8 ± 3.4	1.5 ± 0.2
		21	16.4 ± 5.9	9.9 ± 3.6	1.7 ± 0.4
		23	15.9 ± 6.4	8.6 ± 3.4	1.9 ± 0.6
		25	16.5 ± 10.2	6.9 ± 4.3	2.4 ± 0.6
Medtronic Advantage	Bileaflet	23		10.4 ± 3.1	2.2 ± 0.3
		25		9.0 ± 3.7	2.8 ± 0.6
		27		7.6 ± 3.6	3.3 ± 0.7
		29		6.1 ± 3.8	3.9 ±0.7
Medtronic Hall	Single tilting disc	20	34.4 ± 13.1	17.1 ± 5.3	1.2 ± 0.5
		21	26.9 ± 10.5	14.1 ± 5.9	1.1 ± 0.2
		23	26.9 ± 8.9	13.5 ± 4.8	1.4 ± 0.4
		25	17.1 ± 7.0	9.5 ± 4.3	1.5 ± 0.5
		27	18.9 ± 9.7	8.7 ± 5.6	1.9 ± 0.2
Monostrut Bjork-Shiley	Single tilting disc	19		27.4 ± 8.8
		21	27.5 ± 3.1	20.5 ± 6.2
		23	20.3 ± 0.7	17.4 ± 6.4
		25		16.1 ± 4.9
		27		11.4 ± 3.8
Omnicarbon	Single tilting disc	21	37.4 ± 12.8	20.4 ± 5.4	1.3 ± 0.5
		23	28.8 ± 9.1	17.4 ± 4.9	1.5 ± 0.3
		25	23.7 ± 8.1	13.2 ± 4.6	1.9 ± 0.5
		27	20.1 ± 4.2	12.4 ± 2.9	2.1 ± 0.4
Omniscience	Single tilting disc	21	50.8 ± 2.8	28.2 ± 2.2	0.9 ± 0.1
		23	39.8 ± 8.7	20.1 ± 5.1	1.0 ± 0.1
Sorin Bicarbon	Bileaflet	19	30.1 ± 4.5	16.7 ± 2.0	1.4 ± 0.1
		21	22.0 ± 7.1	10.0 ± 3.3	1.2 ± 0.4
		23	16.8 ± 6.1	7.7 ± 3.3	1.5 ± 0.2
		25	11.2 ± 3.1	5.6 ± 1.6	2.4 ± 0.3
St. Jude Medical Haem Plus	Bileaflet	19	28.5 ± 10.7	17.0 ± 7.8	1.9 ± 0.1
		21	16.3 ± 17.0	10.6 ± 5.1	1.8 ± 0.5
		23	16.8 ± 7.3	12.1 ± 4.2	1.7 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Regent	Bileaflet	19	20.6 ± 12	11.0 ± 4.9	1.6 ± 0.4
		21	15.6 ± 9.4	8.0 ± 4.8	2.0 ± 0.7
		23	12.8 ± 6.8	6.9 ± 3.5	2.3 ± 0.9
		25	11.7 ± 6.8	5.6 ± 3.2	2.5 ± 0.8
		27	7.9 ± 5.5	3.5 ± 1.7	3.6 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Standard	Bileaflet	19	42.0 ± 10.0	24.5 ± 5.8	1.5 ± 0.1
		21	25.7 ± 9.5	15.2 ± 5.0	1.4 ± 0.4
		23	21.8 ± 7.5	13.4 ± 5.6	1.6 ± 0.4
		25	18.9 ± 7.3	11.0 ± 5.3	1.9 ± 0.5
		27	13.7 ± 4.2	8.4 ± 3.4	2.5 ± 0.4
		29	13.5 ± 5.8	7.0 ± 1.7	2.8 ± 0.5
Starr Edwards	Caged ball	23	32.6 ± 12.8	22.0 ± 9.0	1.1 ± 0.2
		24	34.1 ± 10.3	22.1 ± 7.5	1.1 ± 0.3
		26	31.8 ± 9.0	19.7 ± 6.1
		27	30.8 ± 6.3	18.5 ± 3.7
		29	29.0 ± 9.3	16.3 ± 5.5

Normal Values Mechanical Mitral valve art

Valve	Type	Size (mm)	Peak gradient (mmHg)	Mean gradient (mmHg)	Peak Velocity (m/s)	Pressure half-time (ms)	EOA (cm2)
Bjork-Shiley	Tilting disc	23			1.7	115
		25	12 ± 4	6 ± 2	1.75 ± 0.38	99 ± 27	1.72 ± 0.6
		27	10 ± 4	5 ± 2	1.6 ± 0.49	89 ± 28	1.81 ± 0.54
		29 7.83 ± 2.93 2.83 ± 1.27 1.37 ± 0.25 79 ± 17 2.1 ± 0.43	31 6 ± 3 2 ± 1.9 1.41 ± 0.26 70 ± 14 2.2 ± 0.3
		Bjork-Shiley monostrut	Tilting disc	23	5.0	1.9	25 13 ± 2.5 5.57 ± 2.3 1.8 ± 0.3	27 12 ± 2.5 4.53 ± 2.2 1.7 ± 0.4	29 13 ± 3 4.26 ± 1.6 1.6 ± 0.3	31 14 ± 4.5 4.9 ± 1.6 1.7 ± 0.3
Carbomedics	Bileaflet			23	1.9 ± 0.1	126 ± 7	25 10.3 ± 2.3 3.6 ± 0.6 1.3 ± 0.1 93 ± 8 2.9 ± 0.8	27 8.79 ± 3.46 3.46 ± 1.03 1.61 ± 0.3 89 ± 20 2.9 ± 0.75	29 8.78 ± 2.9 3.39 ± 0.97 1.52 ± 0.3 88 ± 17 2.3 ± 0.4	31 8.87 ± 2.34 3.32 ± 0.87 1.61 ± 0.29 92 ± 24 2.8 ± 1.14	33 8.8 ± 2.2 4.8 ± 2.5 1.5 ± 0.2 93 ± 12
				Duromedics	Bileaflet	27	13 ± 6	5 ± 3	1.61 ± 0.4	75 ± 12	29 10 ± 4 3 ± 1 1.40 ± 0.25 85 ± 22	31 10.5 ± 4.33 3.3 ± 1.36 1.38 ± 0.27 81 ± 12	33 11.2 2.5 85
						Lillehei-Kaster	Tilting disc	18	1.7	140	20 1.7 67	22 1.56 ± 0.09 94 ± 22	25 1.38 ± 0.27 124 ± 46
								Medtronic Hall	Tilting disc	27	1.4	78	29	1.57 ± 0.1	69 ± 15	31 1.45 ± 0.12 77 ± 17
		Omnicarbon	Tilting disc							23	8.0	25 6.05 ± 1.81 1.77 ± 0.24 102 ± 16	27 4.89 ± 2.05 1.63 ± 0.36 105 ± 33	29 4.93 ± 2.16 1.56 ± 0.27 120 ± 40	31 4.18 ± 1.4 1.3 ± 0.23 134 ± 31	33 4 ± 2
				On-X	Bileaflet					25	11.5 ± 3.2	5.3 ± 2.1	1.9 ± 1.1	27 10.3 ± 4.5 4.5 ± 1.6 2.2 ± 0.5	29 10.3 ± 4.5 4.5 ± 1.6 2.2 ± 0.5	31 9.8 ± 3.8 4.8 ± 2.4 2.5 ± 1.1	33 9.8 ± 3.8 4.8 ± 2.4 2.5 ± 1.1
Sorin Allcarbon	Tilting disc					25	15 ± 0.25	4 ± 0.5	1.95 ± 0.02	70 ± 1	27 11 ± 2.75 4 ± 0.5 1.65 ± 0.21 82 ± 20	29 12 ± 3 4 ± 1.25 1.73 ± 0.22 80 ± 14	31 10 ± 1.5 4 ± 1 1.66 ± 0.11 83 ± 14
						St. Jude Medical	Bileaflet	23	4.0	1.5	160	1.0	25	2.5 ± 1	1.34 ± 1.12	75 ± 4	1.35 ± 0.17	27	11 ± 4	5 ± 1.82	1.61 ± 0.29	75 ± 10	1.67 ± 0.17	29	10 ± 3	4.15 ± 1.8	1.57 ± 0.29	85 ± 10	1.75 ± 0.24	31	12 ± 6	4.46 ± 2.22	1.59 ± 0.33	74 ± 13	2.03 ± 0.32
								Starr-Edwards	Caged ball	26		10.0		1.4	28	7 ± 2.75	1.9 ± 0.57	30	12.2 ± 4.6	6.99 ± 2.5	1.7 ± 0.3	125 ± 25	1.65 ± 0.4	32	11.5 ± 4.2	5.08 ± 2.5	1.7 ± 0.3	110 ± 25	1.98 ± 0.4	34	5.0	2.6

References

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