Biological

Biological prosthetic valves

Normal values for Biological Aortic Valve Prosthesis

Valve	Type	Size (mm)	Peak gradient (mmHg)	Mean gradient (mmHg)	EOA (cm 2)
Baxter Perimount	Stented bovine pericardial	19	32.5 ± 8.5	19.5 ± 5.5	1.3 ± 0.2
		21	24.9 ± 7.7	13.8 ± 4.0	1.3 ± 0.3
		23	19.9 ± 7.4	11.5 ± 3.9	1.6 ± 0.3
		25 16.5 ± 7.8 10.7 ± 3.8 1.6 ± 0.4	27 12.8 ± 5.4 4.8 ± 2.2 2.0 ± 0.4
		Biocor	Stented porcine 23 30.0 ± 10.7 20 ± 6.6 1.3 ± 0.3 25 23.0 ± 7.9 16 ± 5.1 1.7 ± 0.4 27 22.0 ± 6.5 15.0 ± 3.7 2.2 ± 0.4	BioFlo stented bovine pericardial 19 37.2 ± 8.8 26.4 ± 5.5 0.7 ± 0.1 21 28.7 ± 6.2 18.7 ± 5.5 1.1 ± 0.1	Carpentier Edwards Pericardial stented bovine pericardial 19 32.1 ± 3.4 24.2 ± 8.6 1.2 ± 0.3 21 25.7 ± 9.9 20.3 ± 9.1 1.5 ± 0.4 23 21.7 ± 8.6 13.0 ± 5.3 1.8 ± 0.3 25 16.5 ± 5.4 9.0 ± 2.3	Carpentier Edwards Standard stented porcine 19 43.5 ± 12.7 25.6 ± 8.0 0.9 ± 0.2 21 27.7 ± 7.6 17.3 ± 6.2 1.5 ± 0.3 23 28.9 ± 7.5 16.1 ± 6.2 1.7 ± 0.5 25 24.0 ± 7.1 12.9 ± 4.6 1.9 ± 0.5 27 22.1 ± 8.2 12.1 ± 5.5 2.3 ± 0.6 29 9.9 ± 2.9 2.8 ± 0.5	Carpentier Supra - Annular stented porcine 19 34.1 ± 2.7 1.1 ± 0.1 21 28.0 ± 10.5 17.5 ± 3.8 1.4 ± 0.9 23 25.3 ± 10.5 13.4 ± 4.5 1.6 ± 0.6 25 24.4 ± 7.6 13.2 ± 4.8 1.8 ± 0.4 27 16.7 ± 4.7 8.8 ± 2.8 1.9 ± 0.7	CryoLife Stentless 19 9.0 ± 2.0 1.5 ± 0.3 21 6.6 ± 2.9 1.7 ± 0.4 23 6.0 ± 2.3 2.3 ± 0.2 25 6.1 ± 2.6 2.6 ± 0.2 27 4.0 ± 2.4 2.8 ± 0.3	Extended Biocor Stentless 19 17.5 ± 6.5 9.6 ± 3.6 1.4 ± 0.4 21 17.5 ± 6.5 9.6 ± 3.6 1.4 ± 0.4 23 14.7 ± 7.3 7.7 ± 3.8 1.7 ± 0.4 25 14.0 ± 4.3 7.4 ± 2.5 1.8 ± 0.4	Hancock stented porcine 21 18.0 ± 6.0 12.0 ± 2.0 23 16.0 ± 2.0 11.0 ± 2.0 25 15.0 ± 3.0 10.0 ± 3.0	Hancock II stented porcine 21 14.8 ± 4.1 1.3 ± 0.4 23 34.0 ± 13.0 16.6 ± 8.5 1.3 ± 0.4 25 22.0 ± 5.3 10.8 ± 2.8 1.6 ± 0.4 29 16.2 ± 1.5 8.2 ± 1.7 1.6 ± 0.2	Homograft Homograft valves ? ? ? ?	Intact stented porcine 19 40.4 ± 15.4 24.5 ± 9.3 21 40.9 ± 15.6 19.6 ± 8.1 1.6 ± 0.4 23 32.7 ± 9.6 19.0 ± 6.1 1.6 ± 0.4 25 29.7 ± 15.0 17.7 ± 7.9 1.7 ± 0.3 27 25.0 ± 7.6 15.0 ± 4.5	Ionescu - Shiley bovine pericardial stented 17 23.8 ± 3.4 0.9 ± 0.1 19 19.7 ± 5.9 13.3 ± 3.9 1.1 ± 0.1 21 26.6 ± 9.0 23 15.6 ± 4.4 Stented bovine pericardial Labcor Santiago 19 18.6 ± 5.0 11.8 ± 3.3 1.2 ± 0.1 21 17.5 ± 6.6 8.2 ± 4.5 1.3 ± 0.1 23 14.8 ± 5.2 7.8 ± 2.9 1.8 ± 0.2 25 12.3 ± 3.4 6.8 ± 2.0 2.1 ± 0.3	Labcor Synergy stented porcine 21 24.3 ± 8.1 13.3 ± 4.2 1.1 ± 0.3 23 27.3 ± 13.7 15.3 ± 6.9 1.4 ± 0.4 25 22.5 ± 11.9 13.2 ± 6.4 1.5 ± 0.4 27 17.8 ± 7.0 10.6 ± 4.6 1.8 ± 0.5	Medtronic Freestyle Stentless 19 13.0 ± 3.9 21 9.1 ± 5.1 1.4 ± 0.3 23 11.0 ± 4.0 8.1 ± 4.6 1.7 ± 0.5 25 5.3 ± 3.1 2.1 ± 0.5 27 4.6 ± 3.1 2.5 ± 0.1	Medtronic Mosaic stented porcine 21 14.2 ± 5.0 1.4 ± 0.4 23 23.8 ± 11.0 13.7 ± 4.8 1.5 ± 0.4 25 22.5 ± 10.0 11.7 ± 5.1 1.8 ± 0.5 27 10.4 ± 4.3 1.9 ± 0.1 29 11.1 ± 4.3 2.1 ± 0.2	Mitroflow stented bovine pericardial 19 18.6 ± 5.3 13.1 ± 3.3 1.1 ± 0.2	Prima Stentless 21 28.8 ± 6.0 13.7 ± 1.9 1.4 ± 0.7 23 21.5 ± 7.5 11.5 ± 4.9 1.5 ± 0.3 25 22.1 ± 12.5 11.6 ± 7.2 1.8 ± 0.5	Sorin Pericarbon Stentless 19 36.5 ± 9.0 28.9 ± 7.3 1.2 ± 0.5 21 28.0 ± 13.3 23.8 ± 11.1 1.3 ± 0.6 23 27.5 ± 11.5 23.2 ± 7.6 1.5 ± 0.5	St. Jude Medical Stentless 21 22.6 ± 14.5 10.7 ± 7.2 1.3 ± 0.6 23 16.2 ± 9.0 8.2 ± 4.7 1.6 ± 0.6 25 12.7 ± 8.2 6.3 ± 4.1 1.8 ± 0.5 27 10.1 ± 5.8 5.0 ± 2.9 2.0 ± 0.3 29 7.7 ± 4.4 4.1 ± 2.4 2.4 ± 0.6

Normal Values ​​biological Mitralisklepprothese Valve Type Size ( mm) Peak gradient (mmHg) Mean gradient (mmHg) Peak Velocity ( m / s) Pressure half-time (ms ) EOA (cm2) Biocor Stentless bioprosthesis 27 13 ± 1 29 14 ± 2.5 31 11.5 ± 0.5 33 12 ± 0.5 Stented pericardial bioprosthesis BioFlo 25 10 ± 2 6.3 ± 1.5 0.1 ± 2 27 9.5 ± 2.6 5.4 ± 1.2 2 ± 0.3 29 5 ± 2.8 3.6 ± 0.2 2.4 ± 1 31 4.0 2.0 2.3 Carpentier - Edwards stented bioprosthesis 27 6 ± 2 1.7 ± 0.3 98 ± 28 29 4.7 2 ± 1.76 ± 92 ± 14 12:27 4.4 31 ± 2 92 ± 1:54 ± 0:15 19 6 33 ± 3 93 ± 12 Carpentier - Edwards pericardial stented Bioprosthesis 27 3.6 1.6 100 29 5:25 2:36 ± 1.67 ± 0.3 110 ± 15 31 4:05 1:53 ± 0.83 ± 0.1 90 ± 11 23 1.0 0.8 80 Hancock I ( or NOS ) stented bioprosthesis 27 10 ± 4 5 ± 2 1.3 ± 0.8 29 7 ± 3 2:46 ± 0.79 115 ± 20 1.5 ± 0.2 31 4 ± 0.86 4.86 ± 1.69 95 ± 17 1.6 ± 0.2 33 3 2 ± 3.87 ± 2 90 ± 12 1.9 ± 0.2 Hancock II stented bioprosthesis 27 2:21 ± 0:14 29 2.77 ± 0:11 31 2.84 ± 0.1 33 3:15 ± 0:22 Hancock pericardial stented bioprosthesis 29 2.61 ± 1:39 1:42 ± 0:14 105 ± 36 31 3:57 1:02 1:51 ± 0:27 ± 81 ± 23 Ionescu - Shiley stented bioprosthesis 25 4.87 ± 1.43 ± 1:08 ± 0:15 93 11 27 3:21 1:31 ± 0:24 ± 0.82 100 ± 28 29 3:22 0:57 ± 1:38 ± 0.2 85 ± 8 31 ± 0.9 1.45 ± 3.63 100 ± 36 00:06 Ionescu - Shiley low profile stented bioprosthesis 29 3:31 1:36 ± 0.96 ± 0.25 80 ± 30 31 2.74 ± 0:37 1:33 ± 0:14 ± 79 15 Stented pericardial bioprosthesis Labcor - Santiago 25 8.7 4.5 97 2.2 27 5.6 ± 2.3 2.8 ± 1.5 85 ± 18 ± 2:12 0:48 29 ± 6.2 2.1 ± 1.3 80 ± 3 34 ± 0.73 2:11 Medtronic Intact Porcine stented bioprosthesis 29 3.5 ± 1.6 ± 0:51 0:22 31 ± 4.2 1.6 ± 1:44 0:26 33 4 ± 1.3 1.4 ± 0:24 35 3.2 ± 1.77 1.3 ± 0.5 Stented bioprosthesis Mitroflow 25 6.9 2.0 90 27 3:07 0.91 ± 1.5 90 ± 20 29 ± 3.5 1.43 ± 1.65 102 ± 21 12:29 31 3.85 ± 0.81 91 ± 1:32 ± 0:26 22 Stentless quadrileaflet bovine pericardial bioprosthesis Stentless 26 2.2 1.7 ± 1.6 103 ± 31 1.7 28 1:58 ± 0.25 1.7 ± 0.6 30 1:42 0:32 ± 2.3 ± 0.4 Wessex stented bioprosthesis 29 3.69 ± 0.61 1.66 ± 83 ± 19 00:17 31 3:31 1:41 ± 0.83 ± 0.25 80 ± 21 Source : Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography , 2009 , Sept. , 22 (9) :975-1014

Related valve dysfunction in bioprostheses In Stentless bioprosthesis proximal joint of the prosthesis may loosen , causing blood between aortic wall and valve can come . When valve thrombosis there arises an increase in the gradient and an increase in the back flow ( leakage ) due to the larger mass, to enable the valve closes slowly.