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==Reference values for normal adult TEE measurements==
==Reference values for normal adult TEE measurements==
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<li>Adapted from Cohen G, White M, Sochowski R, et al. Reference values for normal transesophageal measurements. <em>J Am Soc Echocardiogr</em> 1995;8:221-230.</li>
<li>Adapted from Cohen G, White M, Sochowski R, et al. Reference values for normal transesophageal measurements. <em>J Am Soc Echocardiogr</em> 1995;8:221-230.</li>
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==Normal Doppler echocardiographic values of aortic valve prosthesis==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|+'''Normal Doppler echocardiographic values of aortic valve prosthesis'''
! Valve
! Size
! <em>n</em>
! Peak gradient (mm Hg)
! Mean gradient (mm Hg)
! Peak velocity (m/s)
! Effective orifice area (cm<sup>2</sup>)
|-
| rowspan="7" | ATS open pivot AP ATS open pivot (bileaflet)
| 16
| 6
| 47.7 ± 12
| 27 ± 7.3
| 3.44 ± 0.47
| 0.61 ± 0.09
|-
| 19
| 9
| 47 ± 12.6
| 26.2 ± 7.9
| 3.41 ± 0.43
| 0.96 ± 0.18
|-
| 21
| 15
| 25.5 ± 6.1
| 14.4 ± 3.5
| 2.4 ± 0.39
| 1.58 ± 0.37
|-
| 23
| 8
| 19 ± 7
| 12 ± 4
| &nbsp;
| 1.8 ± 0.2
|-
| 25
| 12
| 17 ± 8
| 11 ± 4
| &nbsp;
| 2.2 ± 0.4
|-
| 27
| 10
| 14 ± 4
| 9 ± 2
| &nbsp;
| 2.5 ± 0.3
|-
| 29
| 5
| 11 ± 3
| 8 ± 2
| &nbsp;
| 3.1 ± 0.3
|}
|}

Revision as of 14:44, 26 June 2010

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Reference values for normal adult TEE measurements

Reference values for normal adult TEE measurements
Parameter   Mean ± SD (mm) Range (mm)
  Right pulmonary artery diametera 17 ± 3 12-22
Left upper pulmonary vein diameter 11 ± 2 7-16
Left atrial appendage Length 28 ± 5 15-43
Diameter 16 ± 5 10-28
Superior vena cava diameter 15 ± 3 8-20
Right ventricular outflow tract diameterb 27 ± 4 16-36
Left atriumc Anteroposterior diameter 38 ± 6 20-52
Medial-lateral diameter 39 ± 7 24-52
Right atriumc Anteroposterior diameter 38 ± 5 28-52
Medial-lateral diameter 38 ± 6 29-53
Tricuspid annular diameterc 28 ± 5 20-40
Mitral annular diameterc 29 ± 4 20-38
Coronary sinus diameter 6.6 ± 1.5 4-10
Left ventricled Anteroposterior diameter (diastole) 43 ± 7 33-55
Medial-lateral diameter (diastole) 42 ± 7 23-54
Anteroposterior diameter (systole) 28 ± 6 18-40
Medial-lateral diameter (systole) 27 ± 6 18-42
Aortic root diameterb 28 ± 3 21-34
Descending thoracic aorta diameter Proximal 21 ± 4 14-30
Distal 20 ± 4 13-28
  • aRight pulmonary artery diameter measured in midesophageal ascending aorta short-axis view.
  • bAortic root and right ventricular outflow tract diameters measured in the midesophageal right ventricular inflow/outflow tract view.
  • cAtrial (end-systole) and both mitral and tricuspid annular (mid-diastole) diameters measured in the midesophageal four-chamber view.
  • dLeft ventricular dimensions measured in transgastric mid short-axis view.
  • SD, standard deviation.
  • Adapted from Cohen G, White M, Sochowski R, et al. Reference values for normal transesophageal measurements. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1995;8:221-230.


Normal Doppler echocardiographic values of aortic valve prosthesis

Normal Doppler echocardiographic values of aortic valve prosthesis
Valve Size n Peak gradient (mm Hg) Mean gradient (mm Hg) Peak velocity (m/s) Effective orifice area (cm2)
ATS open pivot AP ATS open pivot (bileaflet) 16 6 47.7 ± 12 27 ± 7.3 3.44 ± 0.47 0.61 ± 0.09
19 9 47 ± 12.6 26.2 ± 7.9 3.41 ± 0.43 0.96 ± 0.18
21 15 25.5 ± 6.1 14.4 ± 3.5 2.4 ± 0.39 1.58 ± 0.37
23 8 19 ± 7 12 ± 4   1.8 ± 0.2
25 12 17 ± 8 11 ± 4   2.2 ± 0.4
27 10 14 ± 4 9 ± 2   2.5 ± 0.3
29 5 11 ± 3 8 ± 2   3.1 ± 0.3
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