Normal measurements of mitral valve protheses

Normal Doppler echocardiographic values for mitral valve prosthesis

Normal Doppler echocardiographic values for mitral valve prosthesis

Valve	Size	n	Peak gradient (mm Hg)	Mean gradient (mm Hg)	Peak velocity (m/s)	Pressure half-time (ms)	Effective orifice area (cm2)
Biocor (stentless bioprosthesis)	27	3	13 ± 1
	29	3	14 ± 2.5
	31	8	11.5 ± 0.5
	33	9	12 ± 0.5
Bioflo pericardial (stented bioprosthesis)	25	3	10 ± 2	6.3 ± 1.5			2 ± 0.1
	27	3	9.5 ± 2.6	5.4 ± 1.2			2 ± 0.3
	29	8	5 ± 2.8	3.6 ± 1			2.4 ± 0.2
	31	1	4.0	2.0			2.3
Björk-Shiley (tilting disk)	23	1			1.7	115
	25	14	12 ± 4	6 ± 2	1.75 ± 0.38	99 ± 27	1.72 ± 0.6
	27	34	10 ± 4	5 ± 2	1.6 ± 0.49	89 ± 28	1.81 ± 0.54
	29	21	7.83 ± 2.93	2.83 ± 1.27	1.37 ± 0.25	79 ± 17	2.1 ± 0.43
	31	21	6 ± 3	2 ± 1.9	1.41 ± 0.26	70 ± 14	2.2 ± 0.3
Björk-Shiley monostrut (tilting disk)	23	1		5.0	1.9
	25	102	13 ± 2.5	5.57 ± 2.3	1.8 ± 0.3
	27	83	12 ± 2.5	4.53 ± 2.2	1.7 ± 0.4
	29	26	13 ± 3	4.26 ± 1.6	1.6 ± 0.3
	31	25	14 ± 4.5	4.9 ± 1.6	1.7 ± 0.3
Carbomedics (bileaflet)	23	2			1.9 ± 0.1	126 ± 7
	25	12	10.3 ± 2.3	3.6 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.1	93 ± 8	2.9 + 0.8
	27	78	8.79 ± 3.46	3.46 ± 1.03	1.61 ± 0.3	89 ± 20	2.9 + 0.75
	29	46	8.78 ± 2.9	3.39 ± 0.97	1.52 ± 0.3	88 ± 17	2.3 + 0.4
	31	57	8.87 ± 2.34	3.32 ± 0.87	1.01 ± 0.29	92 ± 24	2.8 + 1.14
	33	33	8.8 ± 2.2	4.8 ± 2.5	1.5 ± 0.2	93 ± 12
Carpentier-Edwards (stented bioprosthesis)	27	16		6 ± 2	1.7 ± 0.3	98 ± 28
	29	22		4.7 ± 2	1.76 ± 0.27	92 ± 14
	31	22		4.4 ± 2	1.54 ± 0.15	92 ± 19
	33	6		6 ± 3		93 ± 12
Carpentier-Edwards pericardial(stented bioprosthesis)	27	1		3.6	1.6	100
	29	6		5.25 ± 2.36	1.67 ± 0.3	110 ± 15
	31	4		4.05 ± 0.83	1.53 ± 0.1	90 ± 11
	33	1		1.0	0.8	80
Duromedics (bileaflet)	27	8	13 ± 6	5 ± 3		75 ± 12
	29	14	10 ± 4	3 ± 1	161 ± 40	85 ± 22
	31	21	10.5 ± 4.37	3.3 ± 1.36	140 ± 25	81 ± 12
	33	1	11.2	2.5	138 ± 27	85
Hancock I or not specified (stented bioprosthesis)	27	3	10 ± 4	5 ± 2			1.3 ± 0.8
	29	13	7 ± 3	2.46 ± 0.79		115 ± 20	1.5 ± 0.2
	31	22	4 ± 086	4.86 ± 1.69		95 ± 17	1.6 ± 0.2
	33	8	3 ± 2	3.87 ± 2		90 ± 12	1.9 ± 0.2
Hancock II (stented bioprosthesis)	27	16					2.21 ± 0.14
	29	64					2.77 ± 0.11
	31	90					2.84 ± 0.1
	33	25					3.15 ± 0.22
Hancock pericardial (stented bioprosthesis)	29	14		2.61 ± 1.39	1.42 ± 0.14	105 ± 36
	31	8		3.57 ± 1.02	1.51 ± 0.27	81 ± 23
Ionescu-Shiley (stented bioprosthesis)	25	3		4.87 ± 1.08	1.43 ± 0.15	93 ± 11
	27	4		3.21 ± 0.82	1.31 ± 0.24	100 ± 28
	29	6		3.22 ± 0.57	1.38 ± 0.2	85 ± 8
	31	4		3.63 ± 0.9	1.45 ± 0.06	100 ± 36
Ionescu-Shiley low profile (stented bioprosthesis)	29	13		3.31 ± 0.96	1.36 ± 0.25	80 ± 30
	31	10		2.74 ± 0.37	1.33 ± 0.14	79 ± 15
Labcor-Santiago pericardial (stented bioprosthesis)	25	1	8.7	4.5		97	2.2
	27	16	5.6 ± 2.3	2.8 ± 1.5		85 ± 18	2.12 ± 0.48
	29	20	6.2 ± 2.1	3 ± 1.3		80 ± 34	2.11 ± 0.73
Lillehei-Kaster (tilting disk)	18	1			1.7	140
	20	1			1.7	67
	22	4			1.56 ± 0.09	94 ± 22
	25	5			1.38 ± 0.27	124 ± 46
Medtronic-Hall (tilting disk)	27	1			1.4	78
	29	5			1.57 ± 0.1	69 ± 15
	31	7			1.45 ± 0.12	77 ± 17
Medtronic Intact, porcine (stented prosthesis)	29	3		3.5 ± 0.51	1.6 ± 0.22
	31	14		4.2 ± 1.44	1.6 ± 0.26
	33	13		4 ± 1.3	1.4 ± 0.24
	35	2		3.2 ± 1.77	1.3 ± 0.5
Mitroflow (stented bioprosthesis)	25	1		6.9	2.0	90
	27	3		3.07 ± 0.91	1.5	90 ± 20
	29	15		3.5 ± 1.65	1.43 ± 0.29	102 ± 21
	31	5		3.85 ± 0.81	1.32 ± 0.26	91 ± 22
Omnicarbon (tilting disk)	23	1		8.0
	25	16		6.05 ± 1.81	1.77 ± 0.24	102 ± 16
	27	29		4.89 ± 2.05	1.63 ± 0.36	105 ± 33
	29	34		4.93 ± 2.16	1.56 ± 0.27	120 ± 40
	31	58		4.18 ± 1.4	1.3 ± 0.23	134 ± 31
	33	2		4 ± 2
On-X (bileaflet)	25	3	11.5 ± 3.2	5.3 ± 2.1			1.9 ± 1.1
	27–29	16	10.3 ± 4.5	4.5 ± 1.6			2.2 ± 0.5
	31–33	14	9.8 ± 3.8	4.8 ± 2.4			2.5 ± 1.1
Sorin Allcarbon (tilting disk)	25	8	15 ± 3	5 ± 1	2 ± 0.2	105 ± 29	2.2 ± 0.6
	27	20	13 ± 2	4 ± 1	1.8 ± 0.1	89 ± 14	2.5 ± 0.5
	29	34	10 ± 2	4 ± 1	1.6 ± 0.2	85 ± 23	2.8 ± 0.7
	31	11	9 ± 1	4 ± 1	1.6 ± 0.1	88 ± 27	2.8 ± 0.9
Sorin Bicarbon (bileaflet)	25	3	15 ± 0.25	4 ± 0.5	1.95 ± 0.02	70 ± 1
	27	25	11 ± 2.75	4 ± 0.5	1.65 ± 0.21	82 ± 20
	29	30	12 ± 3	4 ± 1.25	1.73 ± 0.22	80 ± 14
	31	9	10 ± 1.5	4 ± 1	1.66 ± 0.11	83 ± 14
St. Jude Medical (bileaflet)	23	1		4.0	1.5	160	1.0
	25	4		2.5 ± 1	1.34 ± 1.12	75 ± 4	1.35 ± 0.17
	27	16	11 ± 4	5 ± 1.82	1.61 ± 0.29	75 ± 10	1.67 ± 0.17
	29	40	10 ± 3	4.15 ± 1.8	1.57 ± 0.29	85 ± 10	1.75 ± 0.24
	31	41	12 ± 6	4.46 ± 2.22	1.59 ± 0.33	74 ± 13	2.03 ± 0.32
Starr-Edwards (ball-and-cage)	26	1		10.0			1.4
	28	27		7 ± 2.75			1.9 ± 0.57
	30	25	12.2 ± 4.6	6.99 ± 2.5	1.7 ± 0.3	125 ± 25	1.65 ± 0.4
	32	17	11.5 ± 4.2	5.08 ± 2.5	1.7 ± 0.3	110 ± 25	1.95 ± 0.4
	34	1		5.0			2.6
Stentless quadrileaflet bovine pericardial (stentless bioprosthesis)	26	2		2.2 ± 1.7	1.6	103 ± 31	1.7
	28	14			1.58 ± 0.25		1.7 ± 0.6
	30	6			1.42 ± 0.32		2.3 ± 0.4
Wessex (stented bioprosthesis)	29	9		3.69 ± 0.61	1.66 ± 0.17	83 ± 19
	31	22		3.31 ± 0.83	1.41 ± 0.25	80 ± 21