Pulmonary Insufficiency: Difference between revisions
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==Quantification | ==Quantification Pulmonary valve insufficiency<cite>1</cite>== | ||
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width=" | {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="800px" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !width="200px"| | ||
!Slight | !Slight | ||
!Moderate | !Moderate | ||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
!RV dimension | !RV dimension | ||
|normal | |normal | ||
|normal/dilated | |normal / dilated | ||
|dilated | |dilated | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Systolic flow in pulmonary artery | !Systolic flow in pulmonary artery | ||
decreased | |decreased slightly | ||
!Color Doppler signal narrow jet located under pulmonary wide | |decreased slightly | ||
|decreased | |||
|- | |||
!Color Doppler signal | |||
|narrow jet located under pulmonary valve level | |||
|wide jet reaching far into RV | |||
|wide retrograde jet outbound portion of pulmonary branches | |||
|} | |} | ||
==Color doppler== | ==Color doppler== | ||
With color Doppler , the degree of expansion of the jet flow back into the right ventricle can be used to quantify the degree of pulmonary insufficiency enigzinds it is most commonly used . | With color Doppler, the degree of expansion of the jet flow back into the right ventricle can be used to quantify the degree of pulmonary insufficiency enigzinds it is most commonly used . | ||
==Continuous wave== | ==Continuous wave== | ||
Also by continuous wave signal with an impression can be gekeregen on the severity of the pulmonary valve insufficiency. | Also by continuous wave signal with an impression can be gekeregen on the severity of the pulmonary valve insufficiency. | ||
[[Image:PI01.png]] | {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="800px" | ||
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|[[Image:PI01.png|800px]] | |||
|- | |||
|'''A''' ''Minimum insufficiency as seen in normal individuals:'' holodiastolic signal dip by atrial contraction. | |||
'''B''' ''Light insufficiency:'' holodiastolic backflow small reversal following atrial contraction only during inspiration. | |||
'''C''' ''Moderate insufficiency:'' return of the return current to zero before the end of diastole to late diastolic antegrade flow in the pulmonary artery due to the atrial contraction both in inspiration and in expiration. | |||
C Moderate insufficiency : return of the return current to zero before the end of diastole to late diastolic antegrade flow in the pulmonary artery due to the atrial contraction both in inspiration and in expiration. | |||
'''D''' ''Severe insufficiency:'' short sharp backflow indicating rapid equilibration of pulmonary and RV diastolic and end-diastolic pressure with mid forward flow in the pulmonary artery.<cite>2</cite> | |||
|} | |||
===Example=== | |||
Moderate pulmonary insufficiency | {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" | ||
|- | |||
|[[Image:Pi01.jpg|400px]] | |||
|- | |||
!Moderate pulmonary insufficiency | |||
|} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<biblio> | <biblio> | ||
#1 pmid=20375260 | #1 pmid=20375260 | ||
#2 Mulder B.J.M., Pieper P.G., Spitaels S.E.C. Aangeboren hartafwijkingen bij volwassenen. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum Houten/Diegem 1999 | |||
</biblio> | </biblio> | ||
Latest revision as of 20:31, 7 February 2014
Quantification Pulmonary valve insufficiency[1]
| Slight | Moderate | Severe | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RV dimension | normal | normal / dilated | dilated |
| Density contour + CW signal | light + blunt | holds + variable | holds + steep |
| Systolic flow in pulmonary artery | decreased slightly | decreased slightly | decreased |
| Color Doppler signal | narrow jet located under pulmonary valve level | wide jet reaching far into RV | wide retrograde jet outbound portion of pulmonary branches |
Color doppler
With color Doppler, the degree of expansion of the jet flow back into the right ventricle can be used to quantify the degree of pulmonary insufficiency enigzinds it is most commonly used .
Continuous wave
Also by continuous wave signal with an impression can be gekeregen on the severity of the pulmonary valve insufficiency.
|
| A Minimum insufficiency as seen in normal individuals: holodiastolic signal dip by atrial contraction.
B Light insufficiency: holodiastolic backflow small reversal following atrial contraction only during inspiration. C Moderate insufficiency: return of the return current to zero before the end of diastole to late diastolic antegrade flow in the pulmonary artery due to the atrial contraction both in inspiration and in expiration. D Severe insufficiency: short sharp backflow indicating rapid equilibration of pulmonary and RV diastolic and end-diastolic pressure with mid forward flow in the pulmonary artery.[2] |
Example
|
| Moderate pulmonary insufficiency |
|---|
References
- Lancellotti P, Tribouilloy C, Hagendorff A, Moura L, Popescu BA, Agricola E, Monin JL, Pierard LA, Badano L, Zamorano JL, and European Association of Echocardiography. European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for the assessment of valvular regurgitation. Part 1: aortic and pulmonary regurgitation (native valve disease). Eur J Echocardiogr. 2010 Apr;11(3):223-44. DOI:10.1093/ejechocard/jeq030 |
-
Mulder B.J.M., Pieper P.G., Spitaels S.E.C. Aangeboren hartafwijkingen bij volwassenen. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum Houten/Diegem 1999