Art Valves

Different types of valve art

Before starting with echocardiographic evaluation of a valve prosthesis it is necessary to be aware of the different types of valve prostheses. There is a difference in the kind and in the type and diameter. Thus, each manufacturer has its own characteristics. And there is a difference in whether the prosthesis is biologically or mechanically created.

Click here for normal mechanical prosthesis

Click here for normal biological prostheses

Mechanical prosthetic valves

Advantages and disadvantages of mechanical and bioprosthetic
	Mechanical	Biological
Benefits	Durable	No anticoagulation needed Less obstruction of the blood flow No Leakage Inaudible Hemodialysis Less risk of infection in the ring or edge flap No pannus (tissue ingrowth) disadvantages
Anticoagulation needed	Any obstruction of the blood flow Leakage (leakage backflow after valve closure, closure backflow flap for closure. Audible (ticks). Hemodialysis (blood cells break down by colliding with mechanical valve. Infection in ring or rim valve (endocarditis). Pannus (tissue ingrowth)	Degeneration is 10-15 years
NB: For all valve prostheses is indicated in some cases endocarditis prophylaxis.

References

1. Geisinger - How the Heart Works

2. Baumgartner H, Hung J, Bermejo J, Chambers JB, Evangelista A, Griffin BP, Iung B, Otto CM, Pellikka PA, Quiñones M, and EAE/ASE. Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2009 Jan;10(1):1-25. DOI:10.1093/ejechocard/jen303 |
3. Lancellotti P, Tribouilloy C, Hagendorff A, Moura L, Popescu BA, Agricola E, Monin JL, Pierard LA, Badano L, Zamorano JL, and European Association of Echocardiography. European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for the assessment of valvular regurgitation. Part 1: aortic and pulmonary regurgitation (native valve disease). Eur J Echocardiogr. 2010 Apr;11(3):223-44. DOI:10.1093/ejechocard/jeq030 |