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|-
|-
| rowspan="7" | ATS open pivot AP ATS open pivot (bileaflet)
| rowspan="7" | ATS open pivot AP ATS open pivot (bileaflet)
| 16
| align="center" | 16
| 6
| align="center" | 6
| 47.7 ± 12
| align="center" | 47.7 ± 12
| 27 ± 7.3
| align="center" | 27 ± 7.3
| 3.44 ± 0.47
| align="center" | 3.44 ± 0.47
| 0.61 ± 0.09
| align="center" | 0.61 ± 0.09


|-
|-
| 19
| align="center" | 19
| 9
| align="center" | 9
| 47 ± 12.6
| align="center" | 47 ± 12.6
| 26.2 ± 7.9
| align="center" | 26.2 ± 7.9
| 3.41 ± 0.43
| align="center" | 3.41 ± 0.43
| 0.96 ± 0.18
| align="center" | 0.96 ± 0.18


|-
|-
| 21
| align="center" | 21
| 15
| align="center" | 15
| 25.5 ± 6.1
| align="center" | 25.5 ± 6.1
| 14.4 ± 3.5
| align="center" | 14.4 ± 3.5
| 2.4 ± 0.39
| align="center" | 2.4 ± 0.39
| 1.58 ± 0.37
| align="center" | 1.58 ± 0.37


|-
|-
| 23
| align="center" | 23
| 8
| align="center" | 8
| 19 ± 7
| align="center" | 19 ± 7
| 12 ± 4
| align="center" | 12 ± 4
|  
| align="center" |  
| 1.8 ± 0.2
| align="center" | 1.8 ± 0.2


|-
|-
| 25
| align="center" | 25
| 12
| align="center" | 12
| 17 ± 8
| align="center" | 17 ± 8
| 11 ± 4
| align="center" | 11 ± 4
|  
| align="center" |  
| 2.2 ± 0.4
| align="center" | 2.2 ± 0.4


|-
|-
| 27
| align="center" | 27
| 10
| align="center" | 10
| 14 ± 4
| align="center" | 14 ± 4
| 9 ± 2
| align="center" | 9 ± 2
|  
| align="center" |  
| 2.5 ± 0.3
| align="center" | 2.5 ± 0.3


|-
|-
| 29
| align="center" | 29
| 5
| align="center" | 5
| 11 ± 3
| align="center" | 11 ± 3
| 8 ± 2
| align="center" | 8 ± 2
|  
| align="center" |  
| 3.1 ± 0.3
| align="center" | 3.1 ± 0.3
 
|-
| rowspan="5" | Biocor stentless (stentless bioprosthesis)
| align="center" | 21
| align="center" | 45
| align="center" | 35.97 ± 4.06
| align="center" | 18 ± 4
| align="center" |  
| align="center" |  
 
|-
| align="center" | 23
| align="center" | 115
| align="center" | 29.15 ± 8.28
| align="center" | 18.64 ± 7.14
| align="center" | 3 ± 0.6
| align="center" | 1.4 ± 0.5
 
|-
| align="center" | 25
| align="center" | 100
| align="center" | 28.65 ± 6.6
| align="center" | 17.72 ± 6.99
| align="center" | 2.8 ± 0.5
| align="center" | 1.6 ± 0.38
 
|-
| align="center" | 27
| align="center" | 55
| align="center" | 25.87 ± 2.81
| align="center" | 18 ± 2.8
| align="center" | 2.7 ± 0.2
| align="center" | 1.9 ± 0.46
 
|-
| align="center" | ≥29
| align="center" | 16
| align="center" | 24 ± 2
| align="center" |  
| align="center" |  
| align="center" |  
 
|-
| rowspan="3" | Biocor extended stentless (stentless bioprosthesis)
| align="center" | 19-21
| align="center" | 12
| align="center" | 17.5 ± 5.8
| align="center" | 9.7 ± 3.5
| align="center" |  
| align="center" | 1.3 ± 0.4
 
|-
| align="center" | 23
| align="center" | 18
| align="center" | 14.8 ± 5.9
| align="center" | 8.1 ± 3.1
| align="center" |  
| align="center" | 1.6 ± 0.3
 
|-
| align="center" | 25
| align="center" | 20
| align="center" | 14.2 ± 3.5
| align="center" | 7.7 ± 1.9
| align="center" |  
| align="center" | 1.8 ± 0.3
 
|-
| rowspan="3" | Bioflo pericardial (stented bioprosthesis)
| align="center" | 19
| align="center" | 16
| align="center" | 37.25 ± 8.65
| align="center" | 24.15 ± 5.1
| align="center" |  
| align="center" | 0.77 ± 0.11
 
|-
| align="center" | 21
| align="center" | 9
| align="center" | 28.7 ± 6.2
| align="center" | 18.7 ± 5.5
| align="center" |  
| align="center" | 1.1 ± 0.1
 
|-
| align="center" | 23
| align="center" | 4
| align="center" | 20.7 ± 4
| align="center" | 125 ± 3
| align="center" |  
| align="center" | 1.3 ± 0.09
 
 
 
 
|-
| rowspan="3" |
| align="center" |
|}
|}

Revision as of 15:13, 26 June 2010

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Reference values for normal adult TEE measurements

Reference values for normal adult TEE measurements
Parameter   Mean ± SD (mm) Range (mm)
  Right pulmonary artery diametera 17 ± 3 12-22
Left upper pulmonary vein diameter 11 ± 2 7-16
Left atrial appendage Length 28 ± 5 15-43
Diameter 16 ± 5 10-28
Superior vena cava diameter 15 ± 3 8-20
Right ventricular outflow tract diameterb 27 ± 4 16-36
Left atriumc Anteroposterior diameter 38 ± 6 20-52
Medial-lateral diameter 39 ± 7 24-52
Right atriumc Anteroposterior diameter 38 ± 5 28-52
Medial-lateral diameter 38 ± 6 29-53
Tricuspid annular diameterc 28 ± 5 20-40
Mitral annular diameterc 29 ± 4 20-38
Coronary sinus diameter 6.6 ± 1.5 4-10
Left ventricled Anteroposterior diameter (diastole) 43 ± 7 33-55
Medial-lateral diameter (diastole) 42 ± 7 23-54
Anteroposterior diameter (systole) 28 ± 6 18-40
Medial-lateral diameter (systole) 27 ± 6 18-42
Aortic root diameterb 28 ± 3 21-34
Descending thoracic aorta diameter Proximal 21 ± 4 14-30
Distal 20 ± 4 13-28
  • aRight pulmonary artery diameter measured in midesophageal ascending aorta short-axis view.
  • bAortic root and right ventricular outflow tract diameters measured in the midesophageal right ventricular inflow/outflow tract view.
  • cAtrial (end-systole) and both mitral and tricuspid annular (mid-diastole) diameters measured in the midesophageal four-chamber view.
  • dLeft ventricular dimensions measured in transgastric mid short-axis view.
  • SD, standard deviation.
  • Adapted from Cohen G, White M, Sochowski R, et al. Reference values for normal transesophageal measurements. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1995;8:221-230.


Normal Doppler echocardiographic values of aortic valve prosthesis

Normal Doppler echocardiographic values of aortic valve prosthesis
Valve Size n Peak gradient (mm Hg) Mean gradient (mm Hg) Peak velocity (m/s) Effective orifice area (cm2)
ATS open pivot AP ATS open pivot (bileaflet) 16 6 47.7 ± 12 27 ± 7.3 3.44 ± 0.47 0.61 ± 0.09
19 9 47 ± 12.6 26.2 ± 7.9 3.41 ± 0.43 0.96 ± 0.18
21 15 25.5 ± 6.1 14.4 ± 3.5 2.4 ± 0.39 1.58 ± 0.37
23 8 19 ± 7 12 ± 4   1.8 ± 0.2
25 12 17 ± 8 11 ± 4   2.2 ± 0.4
27 10 14 ± 4 9 ± 2   2.5 ± 0.3
29 5 11 ± 3 8 ± 2   3.1 ± 0.3
Biocor stentless (stentless bioprosthesis) 21 45 35.97 ± 4.06 18 ± 4    
23 115 29.15 ± 8.28 18.64 ± 7.14 3 ± 0.6 1.4 ± 0.5
25 100 28.65 ± 6.6 17.72 ± 6.99 2.8 ± 0.5 1.6 ± 0.38
27 55 25.87 ± 2.81 18 ± 2.8 2.7 ± 0.2 1.9 ± 0.46
≥29 16 24 ± 2      
Biocor extended stentless (stentless bioprosthesis) 19-21 12 17.5 ± 5.8 9.7 ± 3.5   1.3 ± 0.4
23 18 14.8 ± 5.9 8.1 ± 3.1   1.6 ± 0.3
25 20 14.2 ± 3.5 7.7 ± 1.9   1.8 ± 0.3
Bioflo pericardial (stented bioprosthesis) 19 16 37.25 ± 8.65 24.15 ± 5.1   0.77 ± 0.11
21 9 28.7 ± 6.2 18.7 ± 5.5   1.1 ± 0.1
23 4 20.7 ± 4 125 ± 3   1.3 ± 0.09



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