Normal Structures

The echo is often tangled structures that can be seen with tumors or other diseases. Below is an overview of normal cardiac structures that can be seen as abnormal.

Location	"Abnormal" structures
Left atrium	Coumadin ridge, ridge between LPV and LAA Atrial suture line after heart transplant turned LAA Atrial septal aneurysm Lipomatous hypertrophy, atrial septum Twisted descending aorta
Right atrium	Crista terminalis (ridge between VCI and VCS) Congenital valve remnants (Eustachian valve, Chiari network, Band Thebesius) Trabecula in RAA Atrial suture line after heart transplantation Catheters, lines, PM-wires
Left ventricular	Papillary muscles False tendon Prominent trabecula High intentity transient spots in art valve(s)
Right ventricle	Moderator Band Papillary muscles Catheter, PM-wires
Aortic valve	Nodules on Arantius Lambl's excrescences
Mitral	Redundant chorda Myxomateus valve tissue
Pericardium	Epicardial fat Fibrinous debris in chronic pericardial effusion

References

1. J.P.M. Hamer, 'Cardiale massa's' in "Praktische echcardiografie", (2006), 1e druk 2e oplage, Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten, p.205-206.