Mechanical

Mechanical prosthetic valves

Normal Values Mechanical Aortic Valve Art[1]

Valve	Type	Size (mm)	Peak gradient (mmHg)	Mean gradient (mmHg)	EOA (cm2)
ATS	Bileaflet	19	47.0 ± 12.6	25.3 ± 8	1.1 ± 0.3
		21	23.7 ± 6.8	15.9 ± 5.0	1.4 ± 0.5
		23		14.4 ± 4.9	1.7 ± 0.5
		25		11.3 ± 3.7	2.1 ± 0.7
		27		8.4 ± 3.7	2.5 ± 0.1
		29		8.0 ± 3.0	3.1 ± 0.8
		18		21.0 ± 1.8	1.2 ± 0.3
		20	21.4 ± 4.2	11.1 ± 3.5	1.3 ± 0.3
		22	18.7 ± 8.3	10.5 ± 4.5	1.7 ± 0.4
		24	15.1 ± 5.6	7.5 ± 3.1	2.0 ± 0.6
		26		6.0 ± 2.0	2.1 ± 0.4
Bjork-Shiley	Single tilting disc	21	38.9 ± 11.9	21.8 ± 3.4	1.1 ± 0.3
		23	28.8 ± 11.2	15.7 ± 5.3	1.3 ± 0.3
		25	23.7 ± 8.2	13.0 ± 5.0	1.5 ± 0.4
		27		10.0 ± 2.0	1.6 ± 0.3
Carbomedics Reduced	Bileaflet	19	43.4 ± 1.2	24.4 ± 1.2	1.2 ± 0.1
Carbomedics Standard	Bileaflet	19	38.0 ± 12.8	18.9 ± 8.3	1.0 ± 0.3
		21	26.8 ± 10.1	12.9 ± 5.4	1.5 ± 0.4
		23	22.5 ± 7.4	11.0 ± 4.6	1.4 ± 0.3
		25	19.6 ± 7.8	9.1 ± 3.5	1.8 ± 0.4
		27	17.5 ± 7.1	7.9 ± 3.2	2.2 ± 0.2
		29	9.1 ± 4.7	5.6 ± 3.0	3.2 ± 1.6
Carbomedics Tophat	Bileaflet	21	30.2 ± 10.9	14.9 ± 5.4	1.2 ± 0.3
		23	24.2 ± 7.6	12.5 ± 4.4	1.4 ± 0.4
		25		9.5 ± 2.9	1.6 ± 0.32
Edwards Duromedics	Bileaflet	21	39.0 ± 13
		23	32.0 ± 8.0
		25	26.0 ± 10.0
		27	24.0 ± 10.0
Edwards Mira	Bileaflet	19		18.2 ± 5.3	1.2 ± 0.4
		21		13.3 ± 4.3	1.6 ± 0.4
		23		14.7 ± 2.8	1.6 ± 0.6
		25		13.1 ± 3.8	1.9
MCRI On-X	Bileaflet	19	21.3 ± 10.8	11.8 ± 3.4	1.5 ± 0.2
		21	16.4 ± 5.9	9.9 ± 3.6	1.7 ± 0.4
		23	15.9 ± 6.4	8.6 ± 3.4	1.9 ± 0.6
		25	16.5 ± 10.2	6.9 ± 4.3	2.4 ± 0.6
Medtronic Advantage	Bileaflet	23		10.4 ± 3.1	2.2 ± 0.3
		25		9.0 ± 3.7	2.8 ± 0.6
		27		7.6 ± 3.6	3.3 ± 0.7
		29		6.1 ± 3.8	3.9 ±0.7
Medtronic Hall	Single tilting disc	20	34.4 ± 13.1	17.1 ± 5.3	1.2 ± 0.5
		21	26.9 ± 10.5	14.1 ± 5.9	1.1 ± 0.2
		23	26.9 ± 8.9	13.5 ± 4.8	1.4 ± 0.4
		25	17.1 ± 7.0	9.5 ± 4.3	1.5 ± 0.5
		27	18.9 ± 9.7	8.7 ± 5.6	1.9 ± 0.2
Monostrut Bjork-Shiley	Single tilting disc	19		27.4 ± 8.8
		21	27.5 ± 3.1	20.5 ± 6.2
		23	20.3 ± 0.7	17.4 ± 6.4
		25		16.1 ± 4.9
		27		11.4 ± 3.8
Omnicarbon	Single tilting disc	21	37.4 ± 12.8	20.4 ± 5.4	1.3 ± 0.5
		23	28.8 ± 9.1	17.4 ± 4.9	1.5 ± 0.3
		25	23.7 ± 8.1	13.2 ± 4.6	1.9 ± 0.5
		27	20.1 ± 4.2	12.4 ± 2.9	2.1 ± 0.4
Omniscience	Single tilting disc	21	50.8 ± 2.8	28.2 ± 2.2	0.9 ± 0.1
		23	39.8 ± 8.7	20.1 ± 5.1	1.0 ± 0.1
Sorin Bicarbon	Bileaflet	19	30.1 ± 4.5	16.7 ± 2.0	1.4 ± 0.1
		21	22.0 ± 7.1	10.0 ± 3.3	1.2 ± 0.4
		23	16.8 ± 6.1	7.7 ± 3.3	1.5 ± 0.2
		25	11.2 ± 3.1	5.6 ± 1.6	2.4 ± 0.3
St. Jude Medical Haem Plus	Bileaflet	19	28.5 ± 10.7	17.0 ± 7.8	1.9 ± 0.1
		21	16.3 ± 17.0	10.6 ± 5.1	1.8 ± 0.5
		23	16.8 ± 7.3	12.1 ± 4.2	1.7 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Regent	Bileaflet	19	20.6 ± 12	11.0 ± 4.9	1.6 ± 0.4
		21	15.6 ± 9.4	8.0 ± 4.8	2.0 ± 0.7
		23	12.8 ± 6.8	6.9 ± 3.5	2.3 ± 0.9
		25	11.7 ± 6.8	5.6 ± 3.2	2.5 ± 0.8
		27	7.9 ± 5.5	3.5 ± 1.7	3.6 ± 0.5
St. Jude Medical Standard	Bileaflet	19	42.0 ± 10.0	24.5 ± 5.8	1.5 ± 0.1
		21	25.7 ± 9.5	15.2 ± 5.0	1.4 ± 0.4
		23	21.8 ± 7.5	13.4 ± 5.6	1.6 ± 0.4
		25	18.9 ± 7.3	11.0 ± 5.3	1.9 ± 0.5
		27	13.7 ± 4.2	8.4 ± 3.4	2.5 ± 0.4
		29	13.5 ± 5.8	7.0 ± 1.7	2.8 ± 0.5
Starr Edwards	Caged ball	23	32.6 ± 12.8	22.0 ± 9.0	1.1 ± 0.2
		24	34.1 ± 10.3	22.1 ± 7.5	1.1 ± 0.3
		26	31.8 ± 9.0	19.7 ± 6.1
		27	30.8 ± 6.3	18.5 ± 3.7
		29	29.0 ± 9.3	16.3 ± 5.5

Normal Values Mechanical Mitral valve art

Valve	Type	Size (mm)	Peak gradient (mmHg)	Mean gradient (mmHg)	Peak Velocity (m/s)	Pressure half-time (ms)	EOA (cm2)
Bjork-Shiley	Tilting disc	23			1.7	115
		25	12 ± 4	6 ± 2	1.75 ± 0.38	99 ± 27	1.72 ± 0.6
		27	10 ± 4	5 ± 2	1.6 ± 0.49	89 ± 28	1.81 ± 0.54
		29	7.83 ± 2.93	2.83 ± 1.27	1.37 ± 0.25	79 ± 17	2.1 ± 0.43
		31	6 ± 3	2 ± 1.9	1.41 ± 0.26	70 ± 14	2.2 ± 0.3
Bjork-Shiley monostrut	Tilting disc	23		5.0	1.9
		25	13 ± 2.5	5.57 ± 2.3	1.8 ± 0.3
		27	12 ± 2.5	4.53 ± 2.2	1.7 ± 0.4
		29	13 ± 3	4.26 ± 1.6	1.6 ± 0.3
		31	14 ± 4.5	4.9 ± 1.6	1.7 ± 0.3
Carbomedics	Bileaflet	23			1.9 ± 0.1	126 ± 7
		25	10.3 ± 2.3	3.6 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.1	93 ± 8	2.9 ± 0.8
		27	8.79 ± 3.46	3.46 ± 1.03	1.61 ± 0.3	89 ± 20	2.9 ± 0.75
		29	8.78 ± 2.9	3.39 ± 0.97	1.52 ± 0.3	88 ± 17	2.3 ± 0.4
		31	8.87 ± 2.34	3.32 ± 0.87	1.61 ± 0.29	92 ± 24	2.8 ± 1.14
		33	8.8 ± 2.2	4.8 ± 2.5	1.5 ± 0.2	93 ± 12
Duromedics	Bileaflet	27	13 ± 6	5 ± 3	1.61 ± 0.4	75 ± 12
		29	10 ± 4	3 ± 1	1.40 ± 0.25	85 ± 22
		31	10.5 ± 4.33	3.3 ± 1.36	1.38 ± 0.27	81 ± 12
		33	11.2	2.5		85
Lillehei-Kaster	Tilting disc	18			1.7	140
		20			1.7	67
		22			1.56 ± 0.09	94 ± 22
		25			1.38 ± 0.27	124 ± 46
Medtronic Hall	Tilting disc	27			1.4	78
		29			1.57 ± 0.1	69 ± 15
		31			1.45 ± 0.12	77 ± 17
Omnicarbon	Tilting disc	23		8.0
		25		6.05 ± 1.81	1.77 ± 0.24	102 ± 16
		27		4.89 ± 2.05	1.63 ± 0.36	105 ± 33
		29		4.93 ± 2.16	1.56 ± 0.27	120 ± 40
		31		4.18 ± 1.4	1.3 ± 0.23	134 ± 31
		33		4 ± 2
On-X	Bileaflet	25	11.5 ± 3.2	5.3 ± 2.1			1.9 ± 1.1
		27	10.3 ± 4.5	4.5 ± 1.6			2.2 ± 0.5
		29	10.3 ± 4.5	4.5 ± 1.6			2.2 ± 0.5
		31	9.8 ± 3.8	4.8 ± 2.4			2.5 ± 1.1
		33	9.8 ± 3.8	4.8 ± 2.4			2.5 ± 1.1
Sorin Allcarbon	Tilting disc	25	15 ± 0.25	4 ± 0.5	1.95 ± 0.02	70 ± 1
		27	11 ± 2.75	4 ± 0.5	1.65 ± 0.21	82 ± 20
		29	12 ± 3	4 ± 1.25	1.73 ± 0.22	80 ± 14
		31	10 ± 1.5	4 ± 1	1.66 ± 0.11	83 ± 14
St. Jude Medical	Bileaflet	23		4.0	1.5	160	1.0
		25		2.5 ± 1	1.34 ± 1.12	75 ± 4	1.35 ± 0.17
		27	11 ± 4	5 ± 1.82	1.61 ± 0.29	75 ± 10	1.67 ± 0.17
		29	10 ± 3	4.15 ± 1.8	1.57 ± 0.29	85 ± 10	1.75 ± 0.24
		31	12 ± 6	4.46 ± 2.22	1.59 ± 0.33	74 ± 13	2.03 ± 0.32
Starr-Edwards	Caged ball	26		10.0		1.4	28	7 ± 2.75	1.9 ± 0.57	30	12.2 ± 4.6	6.99 ± 2.5	1.7 ± 0.3	125 ± 25	1.65 ± 0.4	32	11.5 ± 4.2	5.08 ± 2.5	1.7 ± 0.3	110 ± 25	1.98 ± 0.4	34	5.0	2.6

References

1. Zoghbi WA, Chambers JB, Dumesnil JG, Foster E, Gottdiener JS, Grayburn PA, Khandheria BK, Levine RA, Marx GR, Miller FA Jr, Nakatani S, Quiñones MA, Rakowski H, Rodriguez LL, Swaminathan M, Waggoner AD, Weissman NJ, Zabalgoitia M, American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee, Task Force on Prosthetic Valves, American College of Cardiology Cardiovascular Imaging Committee, Cardiac Imaging Committee of the American Heart Association, European Association of Echocardiography, European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Society of Echocardiography, Canadian Society of Echocardiography, American College of Cardiology Foundation, American Heart Association, European Association of Echocardiography, European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Society of Echocardiography, and Canadian Society of Echocardiography. Recommendations for evaluation of prosthetic valves with echocardiography and doppler ultrasound: a report From the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Task Force on Prosthetic Valves, developed in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Cardiovascular Imaging Committee, Cardiac Imaging Committee of the American Heart Association, the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography, endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation, American Heart Association, European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography, and Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009 Sep;22(9):975-1014; quiz 1082-4. DOI:10.1016/j.echo.2009.07.013 |