Textbook

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Introduction

• Preface
• Cardiac anatomy
• The principle of ultrasound
• Instrumentation and terminology
• Techniques

Standard imaging Views

Parasternal imaging planes

• Parasternal long axis
• Parasternal short axis

Apical imaging planes

• Apical 4 chamber
• Apical 2 chamber
• Apical 3 chamber
• 5 Chamber
• suprasternal view
• subcostal view
• subxyphoidal view

Advanced Echocardiographic techniques

• Mmode echocardiography
• Color Bmode
• Doppler interrogation
  • Color flow doppler
  • Color Mmode doppler

Assessment of function

• Systolic function
• Diastolic function

Valves

• Echocardiographic evaluation of Aortic valve
• Echocardiographic evaluation of Mitral valve
  • Systolic Anterior Motion (SAM)
• Echocardiographic evaluation of Tricuspid valve
• Echocardiographic evaluation of Pulmonary valve
  • Prevalvular acceleration (PISA)

The normal echocardiogram

• Normal values
• Range of normal
• Indications for echocardiography

Aquired heart disease

• Coronary artery Disease
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Inferior
  • Right ventricular
• Cardiomyopathy
• Myocarditis
• Pericarditis
• Tamponade

Cardiomyopathies

• Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy
• Tako-tsubo

Congenital heart disease

• Septum defects
  • Atrial Septum Defect (ASD)
  • Ventricular Septum Defect (VSD)
  • Fallot
  • Double discordance
  • Dextracardia
  • Eisenmenger

Miscellaneous

• 3D Echocardiography
• Contrast Echocardiography
• Strain imaging
  • 2D strain
  • Tissue Velocity Imaging
  • Vector velocity Imaging