| Parameter
|
|
Mean ± SD (mm)
|
Range (mm)
|
|
|
Right pulmonary artery diametera
|
17 ± 3
|
12-22
|
| Left upper pulmonary vein diameter
|
11 ± 2
|
7-16
|
| Left atrial appendage
|
Length
|
28 ± 5
|
15-43
|
| Diameter
|
16 ± 5
|
10-28
|
| Superior vena cava diameter
|
15 ± 3
|
8-20
|
| Right ventricular outflow tract diameterb
|
27 ± 4
|
16-36
|
| Left atriumc
|
Anteroposterior diameter
|
38 ± 6
|
20-52
|
| Medial-lateral diameter
|
39 ± 7
|
24-52
|
| Right atriumc
|
Anteroposterior diameter
|
38 ± 5
|
28-52
|
| Medial-lateral diameter
|
38 ± 6
|
29-53
|
| Tricuspid annular diameterc
|
28 ± 5
|
20-40
|
| Mitral annular diameterc
|
29 ± 4
|
20-38
|
| Coronary sinus diameter
|
6.6 ± 1.5
|
4-10
|
| Left ventricled
|
Anteroposterior diameter (diastole)
|
43 ± 7
|
33-55
|
| Medial-lateral diameter (diastole)
|
42 ± 7
|
23-54
|
| Anteroposterior diameter (systole)
|
28 ± 6
|
18-40
|
| Medial-lateral diameter (systole)
|
27 ± 6
|
18-42
|
| Aortic root diameterb
|
28 ± 3
|
21-34
|
| Descending thoracic aorta diameter
|
Proximal
|
21 ± 4
|
14-30
|
| Distal
|
20 ± 4
|
13-28
|
- aRight pulmonary artery diameter measured in midesophageal ascending aorta short-axis view.
- bAortic root and right ventricular outflow tract diameters measured in the midesophageal right ventricular inflow/outflow tract view.
- cAtrial (end-systole) and both mitral and tricuspid annular (mid-diastole) diameters measured in the midesophageal four-chamber view.
- dLeft ventricular dimensions measured in transgastric mid short-axis view.
- SD, standard deviation.
- Adapted from Cohen G, White M, Sochowski R, et al. Reference values for normal transesophageal measurements. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1995;8:221-230.
|
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