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Normal Values: Difference between revisions
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→Mitral stenosis - routine measurements
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| style="vertical-align:top; | | style="vertical-align:top; " | - 2D parasternal short-axis view | ||
| style="vertical-align:top; | | style="vertical-align:top; " | - contour of the inner mitral orifice | ||
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| style="vertical-align:top; | | style="vertical-align:top; " | - determine the smallest orifice by scanning from apex to base | ||
| style="vertical-align:top; | | style="vertical-align:top; " | - include commissures when opened | ||
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| style="vertical-align:top; | | style="vertical-align:top; " | - positioning of measurement plan can be oriented by 3D echo | ||
| style="vertical-align:top; | | style="vertical-align:top; " | - in mid-diastole (use cine-loop) | ||
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| style="vertical-align:top; | | style="vertical-align:top; " | - continuous-wave Doppler | ||
| style="vertical-align:top; | | style="vertical-align:top; " | - mean gradient from the traced contour of the diastolic mitral flow | ||
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| style="vertical-align:top; | | style="vertical-align:top; " | - apical windows often suitable (optimize intercept angle) | ||
| style="vertical-align:top; | | style="vertical-align:top; " | - pressure half-time from the descending sLope of the E-wave (mid-diastole slope if not linear) | ||
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| style="vertical-align:top; | | style="vertical-align:top; " | - continuous-wave Doppler | ||
| style="vertical-align:top; | | style="vertical-align:top; " | - maximum velocity of tricuspid regurgitant flow | ||
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| rowspan=" | | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; " | - parasternal short-axis view | ||
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| style="vertical-align:top; | | style="vertical-align:top; " | | ||
- valve thickness (maximum and heterogeneity)<br> | |||
- commissural fusion<br> | |||
- extension and location of localized bright zones (fibrous nodutes or calcification) | |||
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| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; " | - parasternal long-axis view | |||
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| style="vertical-align:top; | | style="vertical-align:top; " | - valve thickness<br> | ||
- extension of calcification<br> | |||
- valve pliability<br> | |||
- subvalvular apparatus (chordal thickening, fusion, or shortening) | |||
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| rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" | - apical two-chamber view | | rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top" | - apical two-chamber view | ||
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| style="vertical-align:top; | | style="vertical-align:top; " | - subvalvular apparatus (chordal thickening, fusion, or shortening)<br> | ||
- Detail each component and summarize in a score | |||
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