Normal Values: Difference between revisions

Normal Values (view source)

Revision as of 17:21, 15 September 2009

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→‎vavularregurg - table 10

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 {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
-|+'''caption'''
+|+'''Echocardiographic and Doppler parameters used in grading pulmonary regurgitation severity'''
-|}
+|-
+! style="width:200px" | Parameter
+! style="width:200px" | Mild
+! style="width:200px" | Moderate
+! style="width:200px" | Severe
+|-
+| Pulmonic valve
+| Normal
+| Normal or abnormal
+| Abnormal
+|-
+| RV size
+| Normal<sup>&lowast;</sup>
+| Normal or dilated
+| Dilated
+|-
+| Jet size by color Doppler<sup>&sect;</sup>
+| Thin (usually &lt; 10 mm in length) with a narrow origin
+| Intermediate
+| Usually large, with a wide origin; May be brief in duration
+|-
+| Jet density and deceleration rate –CW&dagger;
+| Soft; Slow deceleration
+| Dense; variable deceleration
+| Dense; steep deceleration, early termination of diastolic flow
+|-
+| Pulmonic systolic flow compared to systemic flow –PW<sup>&phi;</sup>
+| Slightly increased
+| Intermediate
+| Greatly increased
+|-
+| colspan="4" |
+<ul>
+<li><em>CW</em>, Continuous wave Doppler; <em>PR</em>, pulmonic regurgitation; <em>PW</em>, pulsed wave Doppler; <em>RA</em>, right atrium; <em>RF</em>, regurgitant fraction; <em>RV</em>, right ventricle.</li>
+<li><sup>&lowast;</sup> Unless there are other reasons for RV enlargement. Normal 2D measurements from the apical 4-chamber view; RV medio-lateral end-diastolic dimension &le; 4.3 cm, RV end-diastolic area &le; 35.5 cm<sup>2</sup>(89).</li>
+<li><sup>&lowast;&lowast;</sup> Exception: acute PR</li>
+<li><sup>&sect;</sup> At a Nyquist limit of 50-60 cm/s.</li>
+<li><sup>&phi;</sup> Cut-off values for regurgitant volume and fraction are not well validated.</li>
+<li>&dagger; Steep deceleration is not specific for severe PR.</li>
+</ul>
+|}
 =References=