|
>Kerrypaul |
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Line 1: |
| ==The Left Ventricle==
| | https://cumparapermisconducere.com/ |
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| Each echocardiogram should include an evaluation of the LV dimensions, wall thicknesses and function.
| | https://carta-conducao.com/ |
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| Several (read: different) measurements have to be performed from different views to asses a good estimate of LV function.
| | https://kupeteshoforskaknizhka.com/ |
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| ==Left ventricular systolic function==
| | https://comprarcartaconducaoo.com/ |
| ===Left ventricular function===
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| {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="700px"
| | https://kobkorekort.com/ |
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| !rowspan="2"|
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| !colspan="4"|Women
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| !colspan="4"|Men
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| |-
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| |align="center"|'''Reference range'''
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| |align="center"|'''Mildly abnormal'''
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| |align="center"|'''Moderately abnormal'''
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| |align="center"|'''Severely abnormal'''
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| |align="center"|'''Reference range'''
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| |align="center"|'''Mildly abnormal'''
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| |align="center"|'''Moderately abnormal'''
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| |align="center"|'''Severely abnormal'''
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| |-
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| |colspan="9"|'''Linear method'''
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| |-
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| |Wallmotion score index
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| |align="center"|1.0
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| |align="center"|1.0-1.5
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| |align="center"|1.5-2.0
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| |align="center"|<2.0
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| |align="center"|1.0
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| |align="center"|1.0-1.5
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| |align="center"|1.5-2.0
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| |align="center"|<2.0
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| |-
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| |Endocardial fractional shortening, %
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| |align="center"|27-45
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| |align="center"|22-26
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| |align="center"|17-21
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| |align="center"|≤16
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| |align="center"|25-43
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| |align="center"|20-24
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| |align="center"|15-19
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| |align="center"|≤14
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| |Midwall fractional shortening, %
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| |align="center"|15-23
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| |align="center"|13-14
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| |align="center"|11-12
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| |align="center"|≤10
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| |align="center"|14-22
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| |align="center"|12-13
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| |align="center"|10-11
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| |align="center"|≤10
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| |-
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| |colspan="9"|'''2D Method'''
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| !Ejection fraction, %
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| !≥55
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| !45–54
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| !30–44
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| !<30
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| !≥55
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| !45–54
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| !30–44
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| !<30
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| |-
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| |colspan="9"|'''Doppler Method'''
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| |-
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| |Myocard performance index
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| |align="center"|<0.40
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| |align="center"|<0.40
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| |-
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| |dP/dt
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| |align="center"|>1100
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| |align="center"|<500
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| |align="center"|>1100
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| |align="center"|<500
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| |colspan="9"|'''Bold values:''' Recommended and best validated.<cite>1</cite>
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| *Click [http://csecho.ca/cardiomath/?eqnHD=echo&eqnDisp=lvefdm '''here'''] for ejection fraction determination by Teichholz 'formula
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| *Click [http://csecho.ca/cardiomath/?eqnHD=echo&eqnDisp=dpdtlvc '''here'''] for calculating dP/dt
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| *Click [http://csecho.ca/cardiomath/?eqnHD=echo&eqnDisp=mpiteilv '''here'''] for calculation myocardial performance index
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| *Click [http://csecho.ca/cardiomath/?eqnHD=echo&eqnDisp=lvfs '''here'''] to calculate fractional shortening.
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| |}
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| ===Left ventricular function by Strain Rate Imaging===
| | https://acheterpermisconduireligne.com/ |
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| {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="700px"
| | https://fuhrerscheinkaufenb.com/ |
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| !colspan="6"|Comparison of segmental Values (mean and SD) for LV strain (TQ<3), with a repeated measures design.<cite>2</cite>
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| !
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| !All Levels
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| !Apical
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| !Mid
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| !Basal
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| !pValue (Levels)
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| |-
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| |All Walls
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| |align="center"| -18.6±5.1
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| |align="center"| -20.2±5.6
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| |align="center"| -18.7±3.3
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| |align="center"| -17.0±5.2
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| |align="center"|<0.0001
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| |Anterior
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| |align="center"| -19.5±4.2
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| |align="center"| -19.4±5.4
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| |align="center"| -18.8±3.4
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| |align="center"| -20.1±4.0
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| |align="center"|0.001
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| |Anteroseptal
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| |align="center"| -18.8±4.2
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| |align="center"| -18.8±5.9
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| |align="center"| -19.4±3.2
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| |align="center"| -18.3±3.5
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| |align="center"|0.001
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| |Inferior
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| |align="center"| -20.0±4.5*
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| |align="center"| -22.5±4.5
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| |align="center"| -20.4±3.5
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| |align="center"| -17.1±3.9
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| |align="center"|<0.0001
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| |Lateral
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| |align="center"| -18.3±4.7
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| |align="center"| -19.2±5.4
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| |align="center"| -18.1±3.5
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| |align="center"| -17.3±5.0
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| |align="center"|0.06
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| |Posterior
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| |align="center"| -16.3±6.3†
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| |align="center"| -17.7±6.0
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| |align="center"| -16.8±5.0
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| |align="center"| -14.5±7.4
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| |align="center"|<0.0001
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| |-
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| |Septal
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| |align="center"| -18.3±5.3
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| |align="center"| -22.3±4.8
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| |align="center"| -18.7±3.0
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| |align="center"| -13.7±4.0
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| |align="center"|<0.0001
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| |-
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| |p (walls)
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| |align="center"|<0.0001
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| |align="center"|<0.0001
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| |align="center"|<0.0001
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| |align="center"|<0.0001
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| |colspan="6"|*inferior was significantly different from other walls (p<0.001 except anterior p+0.002), in the comparison of walls at all levels.†Posterior was significantly different from all other walls (p<0.0001). In the comparison oflevels in all walls, each level was significantly different (p <0.0001). LV=left ventricular, TQ=tracking quality.
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| |}
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| ==References==
| | https://comprarepatenteitalia.com/ |
| <biblio>
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| #1 pmid=16458610
| | https://kjopforerkort.com/ |
| #2 pmid=19356538
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| </biblio>
| | https://comprarepatenteitalia.com/ |
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| | https://kopregistreratkorkort.com/ |
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| | https://comprarlicenciadeconducirb.com/ |
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| | https://ostaajokorttikorkort.com/ |
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| | https://kjopforerkortb.com/ |
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| | https://kobkorekort.com/ |
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| | https://cumparapermisconducere.com/ |
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| | https://carta-conducao.com/ |
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| | https://kupeteshoforskaknizhka.com/ |
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| | https://comprarcartaconducaoo.com/ |
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| | https://kobkorekort.com/ |
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| | https://acheterpermisconduireligne.com/ |