Apical 3 chamber: Difference between revisions

As with apical two chamber, Doppler may be used to further assess the mitral valve. The following may be ascertained through Doppler: presence of regurgitation, stenosis, and blood flow velocities. Doppler is especially applicable for assessing the  maximum velocities across the aortic valve and outflow tract, especially when apical five chamber view is suboptimal,  and can measure the diameter of the outflow tract of the left ventricle.  

Outflow and valvular velocities may be measured in cases of aortic stenosis, while site of obstruction may be identified in cases of subaortic stenosis. Suboartic obstruction may be identified when the velocity exceeds the Nyquist limit. Doppler may also be sued to evaluate for the presence of aortic insufficiency.

This a normal heart

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