Biological
Biological prosthetic valves
| Valve | Type | Size (mm) | Peak gradient (mmHg) | Mean gradient (mmHg) | EOA (cm 2) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baxter Perimount | Stented bovine pericardial | 19 | 32.5 ± 8.5 | 19.5 ± 5.5 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | ||||||||||||||
| 21 | 24.9 ± 7.7 | 13.8 ± 4.0 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | ||||||||||||||||
| 23 | 19.9 ± 7.4 | 11.5 ± 3.9 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | ||||||||||||||||
| 25 16.5 ± 7.8 10.7 ± 3.8 1.6 ± 0.4 | 27 12.8 ± 5.4 4.8 ± 2.2 2.0 ± 0.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Biocor | Stented porcine 23 30.0 ± 10.7 20 ± 6.6 1.3 ± 0.3
25 23.0 ± 7.9 16 ± 5.1 1.7 ± 0.4 27 22.0 ± 6.5 15.0 ± 3.7 2.2 ± 0.4 |
BioFlo stented bovine pericardial 19 37.2 ± 8.8 26.4 ± 5.5 0.7 ± 0.1
21 28.7 ± 6.2 18.7 ± 5.5 1.1 ± 0.1 |
Carpentier Edwards Pericardial stented bovine pericardial 19 32.1 ± 3.4 24.2 ± 8.6 1.2 ± 0.3
21 25.7 ± 9.9 20.3 ± 9.1 1.5 ± 0.4 23 21.7 ± 8.6 13.0 ± 5.3 1.8 ± 0.3 25 16.5 ± 5.4 9.0 ± 2.3 |
Carpentier Edwards Standard stented porcine 19 43.5 ± 12.7 25.6 ± 8.0 0.9 ± 0.2
21 27.7 ± 7.6 17.3 ± 6.2 1.5 ± 0.3 23 28.9 ± 7.5 16.1 ± 6.2 1.7 ± 0.5 25 24.0 ± 7.1 12.9 ± 4.6 1.9 ± 0.5 27 22.1 ± 8.2 12.1 ± 5.5 2.3 ± 0.6 29 9.9 ± 2.9 2.8 ± 0.5 |
Carpentier Supra - Annular stented porcine 19 34.1 ± 2.7 1.1 ± 0.1
21 28.0 ± 10.5 17.5 ± 3.8 1.4 ± 0.9 23 25.3 ± 10.5 13.4 ± 4.5 1.6 ± 0.6 25 24.4 ± 7.6 13.2 ± 4.8 1.8 ± 0.4 27 16.7 ± 4.7 8.8 ± 2.8 1.9 ± 0.7 |
CryoLife Stentless 19 9.0 ± 2.0 1.5 ± 0.3
21 6.6 ± 2.9 1.7 ± 0.4 23 6.0 ± 2.3 2.3 ± 0.2 25 6.1 ± 2.6 2.6 ± 0.2 27 4.0 ± 2.4 2.8 ± 0.3 |
Extended Biocor Stentless 19 17.5 ± 6.5 9.6 ± 3.6 1.4 ± 0.4
21 17.5 ± 6.5 9.6 ± 3.6 1.4 ± 0.4 23 14.7 ± 7.3 7.7 ± 3.8 1.7 ± 0.4 25 14.0 ± 4.3 7.4 ± 2.5 1.8 ± 0.4 |
Hancock stented porcine 21 18.0 ± 6.0 12.0 ± 2.0
23 16.0 ± 2.0 11.0 ± 2.0 25 15.0 ± 3.0 10.0 ± 3.0 |
Hancock II stented porcine 21 14.8 ± 4.1 1.3 ± 0.4
23 34.0 ± 13.0 16.6 ± 8.5 1.3 ± 0.4 25 22.0 ± 5.3 10.8 ± 2.8 1.6 ± 0.4 29 16.2 ± 1.5 8.2 ± 1.7 1.6 ± 0.2 |
Homograft Homograft valves ? ? ? ? | Intact stented porcine 19 40.4 ± 15.4 24.5 ± 9.3
21 40.9 ± 15.6 19.6 ± 8.1 1.6 ± 0.4 23 32.7 ± 9.6 19.0 ± 6.1 1.6 ± 0.4 25 29.7 ± 15.0 17.7 ± 7.9 1.7 ± 0.3 27 25.0 ± 7.6 15.0 ± 4.5 |
Ionescu - Shiley bovine pericardial stented 17 23.8 ± 3.4 0.9 ± 0.1
19 19.7 ± 5.9 13.3 ± 3.9 1.1 ± 0.1 21 26.6 ± 9.0 23 15.6 ± 4.4 Stented bovine pericardial Labcor Santiago 19 18.6 ± 5.0 11.8 ± 3.3 1.2 ± 0.1 21 17.5 ± 6.6 8.2 ± 4.5 1.3 ± 0.1 23 14.8 ± 5.2 7.8 ± 2.9 1.8 ± 0.2 25 12.3 ± 3.4 6.8 ± 2.0 2.1 ± 0.3 |
Labcor Synergy stented porcine 21 24.3 ± 8.1 13.3 ± 4.2 1.1 ± 0.3
23 27.3 ± 13.7 15.3 ± 6.9 1.4 ± 0.4 25 22.5 ± 11.9 13.2 ± 6.4 1.5 ± 0.4 27 17.8 ± 7.0 10.6 ± 4.6 1.8 ± 0.5 |
Medtronic Freestyle Stentless 19 13.0 ± 3.9
21 9.1 ± 5.1 1.4 ± 0.3 23 11.0 ± 4.0 8.1 ± 4.6 1.7 ± 0.5 25 5.3 ± 3.1 2.1 ± 0.5 27 4.6 ± 3.1 2.5 ± 0.1 |
Medtronic Mosaic stented porcine 21 14.2 ± 5.0 1.4 ± 0.4
23 23.8 ± 11.0 13.7 ± 4.8 1.5 ± 0.4 25 22.5 ± 10.0 11.7 ± 5.1 1.8 ± 0.5 27 10.4 ± 4.3 1.9 ± 0.1 29 11.1 ± 4.3 2.1 ± 0.2 |
Mitroflow stented bovine pericardial 19 18.6 ± 5.3 13.1 ± 3.3 1.1 ± 0.2 | Prima Stentless 21 28.8 ± 6.0 13.7 ± 1.9 1.4 ± 0.7
23 21.5 ± 7.5 11.5 ± 4.9 1.5 ± 0.3 25 22.1 ± 12.5 11.6 ± 7.2 1.8 ± 0.5 |
Sorin Pericarbon Stentless 19 36.5 ± 9.0 28.9 ± 7.3 1.2 ± 0.5
21 28.0 ± 13.3 23.8 ± 11.1 1.3 ± 0.6 23 27.5 ± 11.5 23.2 ± 7.6 1.5 ± 0.5 |
St. Jude Medical Stentless 21 22.6 ± 14.5 10.7 ± 7.2 1.3 ± 0.6
23 16.2 ± 9.0 8.2 ± 4.7 1.6 ± 0.6 25 12.7 ± 8.2 6.3 ± 4.1 1.8 ± 0.5 27 10.1 ± 5.8 5.0 ± 2.9 2.0 ± 0.3 29 7.7 ± 4.4 4.1 ± 2.4 2.4 ± 0.6 |
Normal Values biological Mitralisklepprothese Valve Type Size ( mm) Peak gradient (mmHg) Mean gradient (mmHg) Peak Velocity ( m / s) Pressure half-time (ms ) EOA (cm2) Biocor Stentless bioprosthesis 27 13 ± 1 29 14 ± 2.5 31 11.5 ± 0.5 33 12 ± 0.5 Stented pericardial bioprosthesis BioFlo 25 10 ± 2 6.3 ± 1.5 0.1 ± 2 27 9.5 ± 2.6 5.4 ± 1.2 2 ± 0.3 29 5 ± 2.8 3.6 ± 0.2 2.4 ± 1 31 4.0 2.0 2.3 Carpentier - Edwards stented bioprosthesis 27 6 ± 2 1.7 ± 0.3 98 ± 28 29 4.7 2 ± 1.76 ± 92 ± 14 12:27 4.4 31 ± 2 92 ± 1:54 ± 0:15 19 6 33 ± 3 93 ± 12 Carpentier - Edwards pericardial stented Bioprosthesis 27 3.6 1.6 100 29 5:25 2:36 ± 1.67 ± 0.3 110 ± 15 31 4:05 1:53 ± 0.83 ± 0.1 90 ± 11 23 1.0 0.8 80 Hancock I ( or NOS ) stented bioprosthesis 27 10 ± 4 5 ± 2 1.3 ± 0.8 29 7 ± 3 2:46 ± 0.79 115 ± 20 1.5 ± 0.2 31 4 ± 0.86 4.86 ± 1.69 95 ± 17 1.6 ± 0.2 33 3 2 ± 3.87 ± 2 90 ± 12 1.9 ± 0.2 Hancock II stented bioprosthesis 27 2:21 ± 0:14 29 2.77 ± 0:11 31 2.84 ± 0.1 33 3:15 ± 0:22 Hancock pericardial stented bioprosthesis 29 2.61 ± 1:39 1:42 ± 0:14 105 ± 36 31 3:57 1:02 1:51 ± 0:27 ± 81 ± 23 Ionescu - Shiley stented bioprosthesis 25 4.87 ± 1.43 ± 1:08 ± 0:15 93 11 27 3:21 1:31 ± 0:24 ± 0.82 100 ± 28 29 3:22 0:57 ± 1:38 ± 0.2 85 ± 8 31 ± 0.9 1.45 ± 3.63 100 ± 36 00:06 Ionescu - Shiley low profile stented bioprosthesis 29 3:31 1:36 ± 0.96 ± 0.25 80 ± 30 31 2.74 ± 0:37 1:33 ± 0:14 ± 79 15 Stented pericardial bioprosthesis Labcor - Santiago 25 8.7 4.5 97 2.2 27 5.6 ± 2.3 2.8 ± 1.5 85 ± 18 ± 2:12 0:48 29 ± 6.2 2.1 ± 1.3 80 ± 3 34 ± 0.73 2:11 Medtronic Intact Porcine stented bioprosthesis 29 3.5 ± 1.6 ± 0:51 0:22 31 ± 4.2 1.6 ± 1:44 0:26 33 4 ± 1.3 1.4 ± 0:24 35 3.2 ± 1.77 1.3 ± 0.5 Stented bioprosthesis Mitroflow 25 6.9 2.0 90 27 3:07 0.91 ± 1.5 90 ± 20 29 ± 3.5 1.43 ± 1.65 102 ± 21 12:29 31 3.85 ± 0.81 91 ± 1:32 ± 0:26 22 Stentless quadrileaflet bovine pericardial bioprosthesis Stentless 26 2.2 1.7 ± 1.6 103 ± 31 1.7 28 1:58 ± 0.25 1.7 ± 0.6 30 1:42 0:32 ± 2.3 ± 0.4 Wessex stented bioprosthesis 29 3.69 ± 0.61 1.66 ± 83 ± 19 00:17 31 3:31 1:41 ± 0.83 ± 0.25 80 ± 21 Source : Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography , 2009 , Sept. , 22 (9) :975-1014
Related valve dysfunction in bioprostheses In Stentless bioprosthesis proximal joint of the prosthesis may loosen , causing blood between aortic wall and valve can come . When valve thrombosis there arises an increase in the gradient and an increase in the back flow ( leakage ) due to the larger mass, to enable the valve closes slowly.