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==The Left Ventricular==
==The Left Ventricle==
[[Image:LeftVentricle.jpg|200px|right|thumb|'''Example:''' Measurement end - Diastolic wall thickness (red) + LV diameter (green)]]
[[Image:LeftVentricle.svg|200px|right|thumb|'''Example:''' Measurement end - Diastolic wall thickness (red) + LV diameter (green)]]


Each echocardiogram is an evaluation of the LV dimensions, wall thicknesses and described function.  
Each echocardiogram includes an evaluation of the LV dimensions, wall thicknesses and function.  


Good and measurements are essential and may have implications for therapy. The LV dimensions must be measured as the end-diastolic and end-systolic valves (MV and AoV) are closed. Plax in The measurement is located in the basal portion of the LV by the chordae.
Good measurements are essential and may have implications for therapy. The LV dimensions must be measured when the end-diastolic and end-systolic valves (MV and AoV) are closed in the parasternal long axis (PLAX) view. The measurement is performed in the basal portion of the LV by the chordae.


==Left ventricular dimensions==
===Left ventricular dimensions===


{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="600px"
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="700px"
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|
Line 14: Line 14:
!colspan="4"|Men
!colspan="4"|Men
|-
|-
|Reference range
|align="center"|'''Reference range'''
|Mildly abnormal  
|align="center"|'''Mildly abnormal'''  
|Moderately abnormal
|align="center"|'''Moderately abnormal'''
|Severely abnormal
|align="center"|'''Severely abnormal'''
|Reference range  
|align="center"|'''Reference range'''  
|Mildly abnormal  
|align="center"|'''Mildly abnormal'''  
|Moderately abnormal
|align="center"|'''Moderately abnormal'''
|Severely abnormal
|align="center"|'''Severely abnormal'''
|-
|-
|colspan="9"|'''LV dimension'''
|colspan="9"|'''LV dimension'''
|-
|-
!LV diastolic diameter, cm  
|LV diastolic diameter, cm  
|3.9–5.3  
|align="center"|3.9–5.3  
|5.4–5.7  
|align="center"|5.4–5.7  
|5.8–6.1  
|align="center"|5.8–6.1  
|≥6.2  
|align="center"|≥6.2  
|4.2–5.9  
|align="center"|4.2–5.9  
|6.0–6.3  
|align="center"|6.0–6.3  
|6.4–6.8  
|align="center"|6.4–6.8  
|≥6.9
|align="center"|≥6.9
|-
|-
!LV diastolic diameter/BSA, cm/m<sup>2</sup>  
|LV diastolic diameter/BSA, cm/m<sup>2</sup>  
|2.4–3.2  
|align="center"|2.4–3.2  
|3.3–3.4  
|align="center"|3.3–3.4  
|3.5–3.7  
|align="center"|3.5–3.7  
|≥3.8  
|align="center"|≥3.8  
|2.2–3.1  
|align="center"|2.2–3.1  
|3.2–3.4  
|align="center"|3.2–3.4  
|3.5–3.6  
|align="center"|3.5–3.6  
|≥3.7
|align="center"|≥3.7
|-
|-
!LV diastolic diameter/height, cm/m  
|LV diastolic diameter/height, cm/m  
|2.5–3.2  
|align="center"|2.5–3.2  
|3.3–3.4  
|align="center"|3.3–3.4  
|3.5–3.6  
|align="center"|3.5–3.6  
|≥3.7  
|align="center"|≥3.7  
|2.4–3.3  
|align="center"|2.4–3.3  
|3.4–3.5  
|align="center"|3.4–3.5  
|3.6–3.7  
|align="center"|3.6–3.7  
|≥3.8
|align="center"|≥3.8
|-
|-
|colspan="9"|'''LV volume'''
|colspan="9"|'''LV volume'''
|-
|-
!LV diastolic volume, mL  
|LV diastolic volume, mL  
|56–104  
|align="center"|56–104  
|105–117  
|align="center"|105–117  
|118–130  
|align="center"|118–130  
|≥131  
|align="center"|≥131  
|67–155  
|align="center"|67–155  
|156–178  
|align="center"|156–178  
|179–201  
|align="center"|179–201  
|≥201
|align="center"|≥201
|-
|-
!LV diastolic volume/BSA, mL/m<sup>2</sup>
!LV diastolic volume/BSA, mL/m<sup>2</sup>
|35–75
!35–75
|76–86
!76–86
|87–96
!87–96
|≥97
!≥97
|35–75
!35–75
|76–86
!76–86
|87–96
!87–96
|≥97
!≥97
|-
|-
!LV systolic volume, mL  
|LV systolic volume, mL  
|19–49  
|align="center"|19–49  
|50–59  
|align="center"|50–59  
|60–69  
|align="center"|60–69  
|≥70  
|align="center"|≥70  
|22–58  
|align="center"|22–58  
|59–70  
|align="center"|59–70  
|71–82  
|align="center"|71–82  
|≥83
|align="center"|≥83
|-
|-
!LV systolic volume/BSA, mL/m<sup>2</sup>
!LV systolic volume/BSA, mL/m<sup>2</sup>
|12–30
!12–30
|31–36
!31–36
|37–42
!37–42
|≥43
!≥43
|12–30
!12–30
|31–36
!31–36
|37–42
!37–42
|≥43
!≥43
|-
|-
|colspan="9"|
|colspan="9"|
*BSA, body surface area; LV, left ventricular.
*BSA, body surface area; LV, left ventricular.
*Bold values: Recommended and best validated.
*'''Bold values:''' Recommended and best validated.<cite>1</cite>
Echocardiografische afgeleide maten worden gerapporteerd als interne diameter. Armstrong, W.F, Ryan, T, "Evaluation of systolic function of the left ventricle" in 'Feigenbaum's Echocardiography', 7th ed, Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p.123.
 
|}
|}


==Left ventricular geometry and mass==
===Left ventricular geometry and mass===


 
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="700px"
Click [http://csecho.ca/cardiomath/?eqnHD=echo&eqnDisp=lvmlvmi here] for calculation of LV mass.
|-
!rowspan="2"|
!colspan="4"|Women
!colspan="4"|Men
|-
|align="center"|'''Reference range'''
|align="center"|'''Mildly abnormal'''
|align="center"|'''Moderately abnormal'''
|align="center"|'''Severely abnormal'''
|align="center"|'''Reference range'''
|align="center"|'''Mildly abnormal'''
|align="center"|'''Moderately abnormal'''
|align="center"|'''Severely abnormal'''
|-
|colspan="9"|'''Linear Method'''
|-
|LV mass, g
|align="center"|67–162
|align="center"|163–186
|align="center"|187–210
|align="center"|≥211
|align="center"|88–224
|align="center"|225–258
|align="center"|259–292
|align="center"|≥293
|-
!LV mass/BSA, g/m2
!43–95
!96–108
!109–121
!≥122
!49–115
!116–131
!132–148
!≥149
|-
|LV mass/height, g/m
|align="center"|41–99
|align="center"|100–115
|align="center"|116–128
|align="center"|≥129
|align="center"|52–126
|align="center"|127–144
|align="center"|145–162
|align="center"|≥163
|-
|LV mass/height<sup>2</sup>, g/m2
|align="center"|18–44
|align="center"|45–51
|align="center"|52–58
|align="center"|≥59
|align="center"|20–48
|align="center"|49–55
|align="center"|56–63
|align="center"|≥64
|-
|Relative wall thickness, cm
|align="center"|0.22–0.42
|align="center"|0.43–0.47
|align="center"|0.48–0.52
|align="center"|≥0.53
|align="center"|0.24–0.42
|align="center"|0.43–0.46
|align="center"|0.47–0.51
|align="center"|≥0.52
|-
!Septal thickness, cm
!0.6–0.9
!1.0–1.2
!1.3–1.5
!≥1.6
!0.6–1.0
!1.1–1.3
!1.4–1.6
!≥1.7
|-
!Posterior wall thickness, cm
!0.6–0.9
!1.0–1.2
!1.3–1.5
!≥1.6
!0.6–1.0
!1.1–1.3
!1.4–1.6
!≥1.7
|-
|colspan="9"|'''2D Method'''
|-
|LV mass, g
|align="center"|66–150
|align="center"|151–171
|align="center"|172–182
|align="center"|>193
|align="center"|96–200
|align="center"|201–227
|align="center"|228–254
|align="center"|>255
|-
!LV mass/BSA, g/m<sup>2</sup>
!44–88
!89–100
!101–112
!≥113
!50–102
!103–116
!117–130
!≥131
|-
|colspan="9"|
*BSA, body surface area; LV, left ventricular.
*'''Bold values:''' Recommended and best validated.<cite>1</cite>
*Click [http://csecho.ca/cardiomath/?eqnHD=echo&eqnDisp=lvmlvmi '''here'''] for calculation of LV mass.
|}


==References==
==References==
<biblio>
<biblio>
#Ref pmid=16458610
#1 Echocardiographic derived measures are reported as internal diameter. Armstrong WF, Ryan, T, "Evaluation of systolic function of the left ventricle" in "Feigenbaum's Echocardiography", 7th ed, Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p.123.
#2 pmid=16458610
</biblio>
</biblio>
==External links==
* [https://www.techmed.sk/en/echo/left-ventricle/ Left ventricular dimensions - all measurements (TECHmED)]
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