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==The Left | ==The Left Ventricle== | ||
[[Image:LeftVentricle. | [[Image:LeftVentricle.svg|200px|right|thumb|'''Example:''' Measurement end - Diastolic wall thickness (red) + LV diameter (green)]] | ||
Each echocardiogram | Each echocardiogram includes an evaluation of the LV dimensions, wall thicknesses and function. | ||
Good | Good measurements are essential and may have implications for therapy. The LV dimensions must be measured when the end-diastolic and end-systolic valves (MV and AoV) are closed in the parasternal long axis (PLAX) view. The measurement is performed in the basal portion of the LV by the chordae. | ||
==Left ventricular dimensions== | ===Left ventricular dimensions=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="700px" | {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="700px" | ||
Line 99: | Line 99: | ||
|colspan="9"| | |colspan="9"| | ||
*BSA, body surface area; LV, left ventricular. | *BSA, body surface area; LV, left ventricular. | ||
*'''Bold values:''' Recommended and best validated. | *'''Bold values:''' Recommended and best validated.<cite>1</cite> | ||
|} | |||
===Left ventricular geometry and mass=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="700px" | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"| | |||
!colspan="4"|Women | |||
!colspan="4"|Men | |||
|- | |||
|align="center"|'''Reference range''' | |||
|align="center"|'''Mildly abnormal''' | |||
|align="center"|'''Moderately abnormal''' | |||
|align="center"|'''Severely abnormal''' | |||
|align="center"|'''Reference range''' | |||
|align="center"|'''Mildly abnormal''' | |||
|align="center"|'''Moderately abnormal''' | |||
|align="center"|'''Severely abnormal''' | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="9"|'''Linear Method''' | |||
|- | |||
|LV mass, g | |||
|align="center"|67–162 | |||
|align="center"|163–186 | |||
|align="center"|187–210 | |||
|align="center"|≥211 | |||
|align="center"|88–224 | |||
|align="center"|225–258 | |||
|align="center"|259–292 | |||
|align="center"|≥293 | |||
|- | |||
!LV mass/BSA, g/m2 | |||
!43–95 | |||
!96–108 | |||
!109–121 | |||
!≥122 | |||
!49–115 | |||
!116–131 | |||
!132–148 | |||
!≥149 | |||
|- | |||
|LV mass/height, g/m | |||
|align="center"|41–99 | |||
|align="center"|100–115 | |||
|align="center"|116–128 | |||
|align="center"|≥129 | |||
|align="center"|52–126 | |||
|align="center"|127–144 | |||
|align="center"|145–162 | |||
|align="center"|≥163 | |||
|- | |||
|LV mass/height<sup>2</sup>, g/m2 | |||
|align="center"|18–44 | |||
|align="center"|45–51 | |||
|align="center"|52–58 | |||
|align="center"|≥59 | |||
|align="center"|20–48 | |||
|align="center"|49–55 | |||
|align="center"|56–63 | |||
|align="center"|≥64 | |||
|- | |||
|Relative wall thickness, cm | |||
|align="center"|0.22–0.42 | |||
|align="center"|0.43–0.47 | |||
|align="center"|0.48–0.52 | |||
|align="center"|≥0.53 | |||
|align="center"|0.24–0.42 | |||
|align="center"|0.43–0.46 | |||
|align="center"|0.47–0.51 | |||
|align="center"|≥0.52 | |||
|- | |||
!Septal thickness, cm | |||
!0.6–0.9 | |||
!1.0–1.2 | |||
!1.3–1.5 | |||
!≥1.6 | |||
!0.6–1.0 | |||
!1.1–1.3 | |||
!1.4–1.6 | |||
!≥1.7 | |||
|- | |||
!Posterior wall thickness, cm | |||
!0.6–0.9 | |||
!1.0–1.2 | |||
!1.3–1.5 | |||
!≥1.6 | |||
!0.6–1.0 | |||
!1.1–1.3 | |||
!1.4–1.6 | |||
!≥1.7 | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="9"|'''2D Method''' | |||
|- | |||
|LV mass, g | |||
|align="center"|66–150 | |||
|align="center"|151–171 | |||
|align="center"|172–182 | |||
|align="center"|>193 | |||
|align="center"|96–200 | |||
|align="center"|201–227 | |||
|align="center"|228–254 | |||
|align="center"|>255 | |||
|- | |||
!LV mass/BSA, g/m<sup>2</sup> | |||
!44–88 | |||
!89–100 | |||
!101–112 | |||
!≥113 | |||
!50–102 | |||
!103–116 | |||
!117–130 | |||
!≥131 | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="9"| | |||
*BSA, body surface area; LV, left ventricular. | |||
*'''Bold values:''' Recommended and best validated.<cite>1</cite> | |||
*Click [http://csecho.ca/cardiomath/?eqnHD=echo&eqnDisp=lvmlvmi '''here'''] for calculation of LV mass. | |||
|} | |} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<biblio> | <biblio> | ||
# | #1 Echocardiographic derived measures are reported as internal diameter. Armstrong WF, Ryan, T, "Evaluation of systolic function of the left ventricle" in "Feigenbaum's Echocardiography", 7th ed, Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p.123. | ||
#2 pmid=16458610 | |||
</biblio> | </biblio> | ||
==External links== | |||
* [https://www.techmed.sk/en/echo/left-ventricle/ Left ventricular dimensions - all measurements (TECHmED)] |