Normal Values: Difference between revisions
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=Left Ventricle= | Below an up-to-date list of echocardiographic normal values. | ||
=Left Ventricle= | |||
==Left Ventricular Function== | ==Left Ventricular Systolic Function== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | ||
|+'''Reference limits and values and partition values of left ventricular function<cite>ASE</cite>''' | |+'''Reference limits and values and partition values of left ventricular function<cite>ASE</cite>''' | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==Left Ventricular Diastolic Function== | |||
[[File:diastolicfunction.svg|500px|thumb|left|Practical approach to LV diastolic function grading. Ater <cite>ASEDF</cite>]] | |||
{{clr}} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | |||
|+'''Normal values for Doppler-derived diastolic measurements<cite>ASEDF</cite>''' | |||
|- | |||
! style="border-bottom:hidden" | | |||
! colspan="4" | Age group (y) | |||
|- | |||
! style="width:120px" | Measurement | |||
! 16-20 | |||
! 21-40 | |||
! 41-60 | |||
! >60 | |||
|- | |||
| IVRT (ms) | |||
| align="center" | 50 ± 9 (32-68) | |||
| align="center" | 67 ± 8 (51-83) | |||
| align="center" | 74 ± 7 (60-88) | |||
| align="center" | 87 ± 7 (73-101) | |||
|- | |||
| E/A ratio | |||
| align="center" | 1.88 ± 0.45 (0.98-2.78) | |||
| align="center" | 1.53 ± 0.40 (0.73-2.33) | |||
| align="center" | 1.28 ± 0.25 (0.78-1.78) | |||
| align="center" | 0.96 ± 0.18 (0.6-1.32) | |||
|- | |||
| DT (ms) | |||
| align="center" | 142 ± 19 (104-180) | |||
| align="center" | 166 ± 14 (138-194) | |||
| align="center" | 181 ± 19 (143-219) | |||
| align="center" | 200 ± 29 (142-258) | |||
|- | |||
| A duration (ms) | |||
| align="center" | 113 ± 17 (79-147) | |||
| align="center" | 127 ± 13 (101-153) | |||
| align="center" | 133 ± 13 (107-159) | |||
| align="center" | 138 ± 19 (100-176) | |||
|- | |||
| PV S/D ratio | |||
| align="center" | 0.82 ± 0.18 (0.46-1.18) | |||
| align="center" | 0.98 ± 0.32 (0.34-1.62) | |||
| align="center" | 1.21 ± 0.2 (0.81-1.61) | |||
| align="center" | 1.39 ± 0.47 (0.45-2.33) | |||
|- | |||
| PV Ar (cm/s) | |||
| align="center" | 16 ± 10 (1-36) | |||
| align="center" | 21 ± 8 (5-37) | |||
| align="center" | 23 ± 3 (17-29) | |||
| align="center" | 25 ± 9 (11-39) | |||
|- | |||
| PV Ar duration (ms) | |||
| align="center" | 66 ± 39 (1-144) | |||
| align="center" | 96 ± 33 (30-162) | |||
| align="center" | 112 ± 15 (82-142) | |||
| align="center" | 113 ± 30 (53-173) | |||
|- | |||
| Septal e´ (cm/s) | |||
| align="center" | 14.9 ± 2.4 (10.1-19.7) | |||
| align="center" | 15.5 ± 2.7 (10.1-20.9) | |||
| align="center" | 12.2 ± 2.3 (7.6-16.8) | |||
| align="center" | 10.4 ± 2.1 (6.2-14.6) | |||
|- | |||
| Septal e´/a´ ratio | |||
| align="center" | 2.4<sup>∗</sup> | |||
| align="center" | 1.6 ± 0.5 (0.6-2.6) | |||
| align="center" | 1.1 ± 0.3 (0.5-1.7) | |||
| align="center" | 0.85 ± 0.2 (0.45-1.25) | |||
|- | |||
| Lateral e´ (cm/s) | |||
| align="center" | 20.6 ± 3.8 (13-28.2) | |||
| align="center" | 19.8 ± 2.9 (14-25.6) | |||
| align="center" | 16.1 ± 2.3 (11.5-20.7) | |||
| align="center" | 12.9 ± 3.5 (5.9-19.9) | |||
|- | |||
| Lateral e´/a´ ratio | |||
| align="center" | 3.1<sup>∗</sup> | |||
| align="center" | 1.9 ± 0.6 (0.7-3.1) | |||
| align="center" | 1.5 ± 0.5 (0.5-2.5) | |||
| align="center" | 0.9 ± 0.4 (0.1-1.7) | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" | <ul> | |||
<li>Data are expressed as mean ± SD (95% confidence interval). Note that for e´ velocity in subjects aged 16 to 20 years, values overlap with those for subjects aged 21 to 40 years. This is because e´ increases progressively with age in children and adolescents. Therefore, the e´ velocity is higher in a normal 20-year-old than in a normal 16-year-old, which results in a somewhat lower average e´ value when subjects aged 16 to 20 years are considered.</li> | |||
<li><sup>∗</sup> Standard deviations are not included because these data were computed, not directly provided in the original articles from which they were derived.</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
|} | |||
==Left Ventricular Mass and Geometry== | ==Left Ventricular Mass and Geometry== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| colspan=" | | TAPSE, (cm) | ||
| align="center" | 1.5-2.0<cite>ASE</cite> | |||
| align="center" | 1.3-1.5<cite>Hamer</cite> | |||
| align="center" | 1.0-1.2<cite>Hamer</cite> | |||
| align="center" | <1.0<cite>Hamer</cite> | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="6" | | |||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
<li>RV, Right ventricular.</li> | <li>RV, Right ventricular.</li> | ||
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|} | |} | ||
=Atria= | =Atria= | ||
==Left Atrial Dimensions / Volumes== | ==Left Atrial Dimensions / Volumes== | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==Left Atrial Pressure== | |||
[[File:LAP_normalEF.svg|thumb|left|400px|Estimation of left atrial pressure in normal LVEF. After <cite>ASEDF</cite>]] | |||
[[File:LAP_reducedEF.svg|thumb|400px|Estimation of left atrial pressure in reduced LVEF. After <cite>ASEDF</cite>]] | |||
{{clr}} | |||
=Aortic Valve= | =Aortic Valve= | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==Pulmonary stenosis - severity== | ==Pulmonary stenosis - severity== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | ||
| Line 1,088: | Line 1,204: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=References= | =References= | ||
Click on the reference to link directly to the manuscript | |||
<biblio> | <biblio> | ||
#Foale pmid=3730205 | #Foale pmid=3730205 | ||
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#ACCAS pmid=18848134 | #ACCAS pmid=18848134 | ||
#ASERE pmid=12835667 | #ASERE pmid=12835667 | ||
#ASEDF pmid=19187853 | |||
#Hamer isbn=9031362352 | |||
</bilbio> | </bilbio> | ||
==External links== | |||
* [https://www.techmed.sk/en/echo/normal-values/ Normal echocardiography values - all measurements (TECHmED)] | |||