Normal Values: Difference between revisions
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Below an up-to-date list of echocardiographic normal values. | Below an up-to-date list of echocardiographic normal values. | ||
=Left Ventricle= | =Left Ventricle= | ||
==Left Ventricular Systolic Function== | ==Left Ventricular Systolic Function== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | ||
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==Left Ventricular Diastolic Function== | ==Left Ventricular Diastolic Function== | ||
[[File:diastolicfunction.svg|500px|thumb|left|Practical approach to LV diastolic function grading. Ater <cite>ASEDF</cite>]] | [[File:diastolicfunction.svg|500px|thumb|left|Practical approach to LV diastolic function grading. Ater <cite>ASEDF</cite>]] | ||
{{clr}} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! style="border-bottom:hidden" | | ! style="border-bottom:hidden" | | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4" | Age group (y) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width:120px" | Measurement | ! style="width:120px" | Measurement | ||
! | ! 16-20 | ||
! | ! 21-40 | ||
! | ! 41-60 | ||
! | ! >60 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| IVRT (ms) | | IVRT (ms) | ||
| align=" | | align="center" | 50 ± 9 (32-68) | ||
| align="center" | 67 ± 8 (51-83) | |||
| align="center" | 74 ± 7 (60-88) | |||
| align=" | | align="center" | 87 ± 7 (73-101) | ||
| align=" | |||
| align=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| E/A ratio | | E/A ratio | ||
| align=" | | align="center" | 1.88 ± 0.45 (0.98-2.78) | ||
| align="center" | 1.53 ± 0.40 (0.73-2.33) | |||
| align="center" | 1.28 ± 0.25 (0.78-1.78) | |||
| align=" | | align="center" | 0.96 ± 0.18 (0.6-1.32) | ||
| align=" | |||
| align=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| DT (ms) | | DT (ms) | ||
| align=" | | align="center" | 142 ± 19 (104-180) | ||
| align="center" | 166 ± 14 (138-194) | |||
| align="center" | 181 ± 19 (143-219) | |||
| align=" | | align="center" | 200 ± 29 (142-258) | ||
| align=" | |||
| align=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| A duration (ms) | | A duration (ms) | ||
| align=" | | align="center" | 113 ± 17 (79-147) | ||
| align="center" | 127 ± 13 (101-153) | |||
| align="center" | 133 ± 13 (107-159) | |||
| align=" | | align="center" | 138 ± 19 (100-176) | ||
| align=" | |||
| align=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| PV S/D ratio | | PV S/D ratio | ||
| align=" | | align="center" | 0.82 ± 0.18 (0.46-1.18) | ||
| align="center" | 0.98 ± 0.32 (0.34-1.62) | |||
| align="center" | 1.21 ± 0.2 (0.81-1.61) | |||
| align=" | | align="center" | 1.39 ± 0.47 (0.45-2.33) | ||
| align=" | |||
| align=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| PV Ar (cm/s) | | PV Ar (cm/s) | ||
| align=" | | align="center" | 16 ± 10 (1-36) | ||
| align="center" | 21 ± 8 (5-37) | |||
| align="center" | 23 ± 3 (17-29) | |||
| align=" | | align="center" | 25 ± 9 (11-39) | ||
| align=" | |||
| align=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| PV Ar duration (ms) | | PV Ar duration (ms) | ||
| align=" | | align="center" | 66 ± 39 (1-144) | ||
| align="center" | 96 ± 33 (30-162) | |||
| align="center" | 112 ± 15 (82-142) | |||
| align=" | | align="center" | 113 ± 30 (53-173) | ||
| align=" | |||
| align=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Septal e´ (cm/s) | | Septal e´ (cm/s) | ||
| align=" | | align="center" | 14.9 ± 2.4 (10.1-19.7) | ||
| align="center" | 15.5 ± 2.7 (10.1-20.9) | |||
| align="center" | 12.2 ± 2.3 (7.6-16.8) | |||
| align=" | | align="center" | 10.4 ± 2.1 (6.2-14.6) | ||
| align=" | |||
| align=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Septal e´/a´ ratio | | Septal e´/a´ ratio | ||
| align="center | | align="center" | 2.4<sup>∗</sup> | ||
| align="center" | 1.6 ± 0.5 (0.6-2.6) | |||
| align=" | | align="center" | 1.1 ± 0.3 (0.5-1.7) | ||
| align="center" | 0.85 ± 0.2 (0.45-1.25) | |||
| align=" | |||
| align=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Lateral e´ (cm/s) | | Lateral e´ (cm/s) | ||
| align=" | | align="center" | 20.6 ± 3.8 (13-28.2) | ||
| align="center" | 19.8 ± 2.9 (14-25.6) | |||
| align="center" | 16.1 ± 2.3 (11.5-20.7) | |||
| align=" | | align="center" | 12.9 ± 3.5 (5.9-19.9) | ||
| align=" | |||
| align=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Lateral e´/a´ ratio | | Lateral e´/a´ ratio | ||
| align="center | | align="center" | 3.1<sup>∗</sup> | ||
| align="center" | 1.9 ± 0.6 (0.7-3.1) | |||
| align=" | | align="center" | 1.5 ± 0.5 (0.5-2.5) | ||
| align="center" | 0.9 ± 0.4 (0.1-1.7) | |||
| align=" | |||
| align=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="5" | <ul> | ||
<li>Data are expressed as mean ± SD (95% confidence interval). Note that for e´ velocity in subjects aged 16 to 20 years, values overlap with those for subjects aged 21 to 40 years. This is because e´ increases progressively with age in children and adolescents. Therefore, the e´ velocity is higher in a normal 20-year-old than in a normal 16-year-old, which results in a somewhat lower average e´ value when subjects aged 16 to 20 years are considered.</li> | <li>Data are expressed as mean ± SD (95% confidence interval). Note that for e´ velocity in subjects aged 16 to 20 years, values overlap with those for subjects aged 21 to 40 years. This is because e´ increases progressively with age in children and adolescents. Therefore, the e´ velocity is higher in a normal 20-year-old than in a normal 16-year-old, which results in a somewhat lower average e´ value when subjects aged 16 to 20 years are considered.</li> | ||
<li><sup>∗</sup> Standard deviations are not included because these data were computed, not directly provided in the original articles from which they were derived.</li> | <li><sup>∗</sup> Standard deviations are not included because these data were computed, not directly provided in the original articles from which they were derived.</li> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| colspan=" | | TAPSE, (cm) | ||
| align="center" | 1.5-2.0<cite>ASE</cite> | |||
| align="center" | 1.3-1.5<cite>Hamer</cite> | |||
| align="center" | 1.0-1.2<cite>Hamer</cite> | |||
| align="center" | <1.0<cite>Hamer</cite> | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="6" | | |||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
<li>RV, Right ventricular.</li> | <li>RV, Right ventricular.</li> | ||
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|} | |} | ||
=Atria= | =Atria= | ||
==Left Atrial Dimensions / Volumes== | ==Left Atrial Dimensions / Volumes== | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==Left Atrial Pressure== | ==Left Atrial Pressure== | ||
[[File:LAP_normalEF.svg|thumb|left| | [[File:LAP_normalEF.svg|thumb|left|400px|Estimation of left atrial pressure in normal LVEF. After <cite>ASEDF</cite>]] | ||
[[File:LAP_reducedEF.svg|thumb| | [[File:LAP_reducedEF.svg|thumb|400px|Estimation of left atrial pressure in reduced LVEF. After <cite>ASEDF</cite>]] | ||
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=Aortic Valve= | =Aortic Valve= | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==Pulmonary stenosis - severity== | ==Pulmonary stenosis - severity== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | ||
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#ASERE pmid=12835667 | #ASERE pmid=12835667 | ||
#ASEDF pmid=19187853 | #ASEDF pmid=19187853 | ||
#Hamer isbn=9031362352 | |||
</bilbio> | </bilbio> | ||
==External links== | |||
* [https://www.techmed.sk/en/echo/normal-values/ Normal echocardiography values - all measurements (TECHmED)] | |||