Pulmonary Insufficiency

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Quantification Pulmonaliklep insufficience[1]

Slight Moderate Severe
RV dimension normal normal/dilated dilated
Density contour + CW signal light + blunt holds + variable holds + steep
Systolic flow in pulmonary artery decreased slightly decreased slightly decreased
Color Doppler signal narrow jet located under pulmonary valve level wide jet reaching far into RV wide retrograde jet outbound portion of pulmonary branches

 

Color doppler

With color Doppler, the degree of expansion of the jet flow back into the right ventricle can be used to quantify the degree of pulmonary insufficiency enigzinds it is most commonly used .

Continuous wave

Also by continuous wave signal with an impression can be gekeregen on the severity of the pulmonary valve insufficiency.

 
A Minimum insufficiency as seen in normal individuals: holodiastolic signal dip by atrial contraction.

B Light insufficiency: holodiastolic backflow small reversal following atrial contraction only during inspiration.

C Moderate insufficiency: return of the return current to zero before the end of diastole to late diastolic antegrade flow in the pulmonary artery due to the atrial contraction both in inspiration and in expiration.

D Severe insufficiency: short sharp backflow indicating rapid equilibration of pulmonary and RV diastolic and end-diastolic pressure with mid forward flow in the pulmonary artery.[2]

Example

 
Moderate pulmonary insufficiency

References

  1. Lancellotti P, Tribouilloy C, Hagendorff A, Moura L, Popescu BA, Agricola E, Monin JL, Pierard LA, Badano L, Zamorano JL, and European Association of Echocardiography. European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for the assessment of valvular regurgitation. Part 1: aortic and pulmonary regurgitation (native valve disease). Eur J Echocardiogr. 2010 Apr;11(3):223-44. DOI:10.1093/ejechocard/jeq030 | PubMed ID:20375260 | HubMed [1]
  2. Mulder B.J.M., Pieper P.G., Spitaels S.E.C. Aangeboren hartafwijkingen bij volwassenen. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum Houten/Diegem 1999

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