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Normal Values: Difference between revisions
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=Mitral Valve= | =Mitral Valve= | ||
==Mitral stenosis - routine measurements== | ==Mitral stenosis - routine measurements== | ||
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| colspan="4" | <ul><li><sup>a</sup>At heart rates between 60 and 80 bpm and in sinus rhythm.</li></ul> | | colspan="4" | <ul><li><sup>a</sup>At heart rates between 60 and 80 bpm and in sinus rhythm.</li></ul> | ||
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==Mitral valve stenosis - Wilkins score== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | |||
|+'''Assessment of mitral valve anatomy according to the Wilkins score<sup>64</sup>''' | |||
|- | |||
! style="width:50px" | Grade | |||
! style="width:170px" | Mobility | |||
! style="width:170px" | Thickening | |||
! style="width:170px" | Calcification | |||
! style="width:170px" | Subvalvular Thickening | |||
|- | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | 1 | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | Highly mobile valve with only leaflet tips restricted | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | Leaflets near normal in thickness (4-5 mm) | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | A single area of increased echo brightness | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | Minimal thickening just below the mitral leaflets | |||
|- | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | 2 | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | Leaflet mid and base portions have normal mobility | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | Midleaflets normal, considerable thickening of margins (5-8 mm) | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | Scattered areas of brightness confined to leaflet margins | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | Thickening of chordal structures extending to one-third of the chordal length | |||
|- | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | 3 | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | Valve continues to move forward in diastole, mainly from the base | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | Thickening extending through the entire leaflet (5-8mm) | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | Brightness extending into the mid-portions of the leaflets | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | Thickening extended to distal third of the chords | |||
|- | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | 4 | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | No or minimal forward movement of the leaflets in diastole | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | Considerable thickening of all leaflet tissue (>8-10mm) | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | Extensive brightness throughout much of the leaflet tissue | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" | Extensive thickening and shortening of all chordal structures extending down to the papillary muscles | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" |<ul><li>The total score is the sum of the four items and ranges between 4 and 16.</li></ul> | |||
|} | |} | ||