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Normal Values: Difference between revisions
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! style="width:160px" | | ! style="width:160px" | | ||
! style="width:250px" | Mild | ! style="width:250px" | Mild | ||
! | ! colspan="2" | Moderate | ||
! style="width:250px" | Severe | ! style="width:250px" | Severe | ||
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<li>No or minimal flow convergence</li> | <li>No or minimal flow convergence</li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
| style="vertical-align:top" colspan="2" | Signs of MR>mild present, but no criteria for severe MR | | style="vertical-align:top" colspan="2" | <ul><li>Signs of MR>mild present, but no criteria for severe MR</li></ul> | ||
| style="vertical-align:top" | <ul> | | style="vertical-align:top" | <ul> | ||
<li>Vena contracta width ≥ 0.7cm <em>with</em> large central MR jet (area < 40% of LA) or with a wall-impinging jet of any size, swirling in LA<sup>ψ</sup></li> | <li>Vena contracta width ≥ 0.7cm <em>with</em> large central MR jet (area < 40% of LA) or with a wall-impinging jet of any size, swirling in LA<sup>ψ</sup></li> | ||
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<li>Normal LV size<sup>∗</sup></li> | <li>Normal LV size<sup>∗</sup></li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
| style="vertical-align:top" colspan="2" | Intermediate signs/findings | | style="vertical-align:top" colspan="2" | <ul><li>Intermediate signs/findings</li></ul> | ||
| style="vertical-align:top" | <ul> | | style="vertical-align:top" | <ul> | ||
<li>Dense, triangular CW Doppler MR jet</li> | <li>Dense, triangular CW Doppler MR jet</li> | ||
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| style="padding-left:12px" | R Vol (ml/beat) | | style="padding-left:12px" | R Vol (ml/beat) | ||
| align="center" | < 30 | | align="center" | < 30 | ||
| align="center" | 30-44 | | style="width:125px" align="center" | 30-44 | ||
| align="center" | 45-59 | | style="width:125px" align="center" | 45-59 | ||
| align="center" | ≥ 60 | | align="center" | ≥ 60 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| colspan="5" | <ul><li><em>CW</em>, Continuous wave; <em>EROA</em>, effective regurgitant orifice area; <em>LA</em>, left atrium; <em>LV</em>, left ventricle; <em>MV</em>, mitral valve; <em>MR</em>, mitral regurgitation; <em>R Vol</em>, regurgitant volume; <em>RF</em>, regurgitant fraction.</li>< | | colspan="5" | <ul> | ||
<sup>∗</sup> LV size applied only to chronic lesions. Normal 2D measurements: LV minor axis ≤ 2.8 cm/m<sup>2</sup>, LV end-diastolic volume ≤ 82 ml/m<sup>2</sup>, maximal LA antero-posterior diameter ≤ 2.8 cm/m<sup>2</sup>, maximal | <li><em>CW</em>, Continuous wave; <em>EROA</em>, effective regurgitant orifice area; <em>LA</em>, left atrium; <em>LV</em>, left ventricle; <em>MV</em>, mitral valve; <em>MR</em>, mitral regurgitation; <em>R Vol</em>, regurgitant volume; <em>RF</em>, regurgitant fraction.</li> | ||
< | <li><sup>∗</sup> LV size applied only to chronic lesions. Normal 2D measurements: LV minor axis ≤ 2.8 cm/m<sup>2</sup>, LV end-diastolic volume ≤ 82 ml/m<sup>2</sup>, maximal LA antero-posterior diameter ≤ 2.8 cm/m<sup>2</sup>, maximal LA volume ≤ 36 ml/m<sup>2</sup> (2;33;35).</li> | ||
<sup>∗∗</sup> In the absence of other etiologies of LV and LA dilatation and acute MR. | <li><sup>∗∗</sup> In the absence of other etiologies of LV and LA dilatation and acute MR.</li> | ||
< | <li><sup>ψ</sup> At a Nyquist limit of 50-60 cm/s.</li> | ||
<sup>ψ</sup> At a Nyquist limit of 50-60 cm/s. | <li><sup>Φ</sup> Usually above 50 years of age or in conditions of impaired relaxation, in the absence of mitral stenosis or other causes of elevated LA pressure.</li> | ||
< | <li><sup>ς</sup> Minimal and large flow convergence defined as a flow convergence radius < 0.4 cm and ≤ 0.9 cm for central jets, respectively, with a baseline shift at a Nyquist of 40 cm/s; Cut-offs for eccentric jets are higher, and should be angle corrected (see text).</li> | ||
<sup>Φ</sup> Usually above 50 years of age or in conditions of impaired relaxation, in the absence of mitral stenosis or other causes of elevated LA pressure. | <li><sup>φ</sup> Quantitative parameters can help sub-classify the moderate regurgitation group into mild-to-moderate and moderate-to-severe as shown.</li> | ||
< | </ul> | ||
<sup>ς</sup> Minimal and large flow convergence defined as a flow convergence radius < 0.4 cm and ≤ 0.9 cm for central jets, respectively, with a baseline shift at a Nyquist of 40 cm/s; Cut-offs for | |||
< | |||
<sup>φ</sup> Quantitative parameters can help sub-classify the moderate regurgitation group into mild-to-moderate and moderate-to-severe as shown. | |||
|} | |} | ||