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*Pericardium | *Pericardium | ||
*Right ventricular inflow and outflow tracts | *Right ventricular inflow and outflow tracts | ||
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==2D Echo Measurements== | ==2D Echo Measurements== | ||
Majority of measurements are done with 2D echo imaging. Once the best diastolic frame having the largest left ventricular cavity is chosen, septal and posterior wall thickness, left ventricular diastolic cavity, and aortic root diameter can be determined. Use a systolic frame to measure the dimensions of the left ventricle and the left atrial diameter. | Majority of measurements are done with 2D echo imaging. Once the best diastolic frame having the largest left ventricular cavity is chosen, septal and posterior wall thickness, left ventricular diastolic cavity, and aortic root diameter can be determined. Use a systolic frame to measure the dimensions of the left ventricle and the left atrial diameter. | ||
==M-Mode Echo Measurement== | ==M-Mode Echo Measurement== | ||
[[Image:PLAX_Mmode.jpg|thumb|alt=Alt text|Image showing the left parasternal long axis transection (PSLAX) of the heart by M-mode imaging.]] | [[Image:PLAX_Mmode.jpg|thumb|alt=Alt text|Image showing the left parasternal long axis transection (PSLAX) of the heart by M-mode imaging.]] | ||
Determining left ventricular dimensions and ejection fraction are few of the cases wherein M-mode imaging is used. It is one-dimensional and usually relies on the correct alignment of the M-mode along the left ventricle. | Determining left ventricular dimensions and ejection fraction are few of the cases wherein M-mode imaging is used. It is one-dimensional and usually relies on the correct alignment of the M-mode along the left ventricle. | ||
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==Using Color Doppler Ultrasound== | ==Using Color Doppler Ultrasound== | ||
It is sometimes necessary to use color Doppler ultrasound when valvular regurgitation is suspected, although this method should not be used to as the final diagnostic tool to determine valve dysfunction as the Doppler beam is nearly perpendicular to the flow. Instead, the presence of valvular regurgitation is based on the cardiac cycle, not the color-coding.<cite>Feigenbaum1</cite>. Another citation <cite>test</cite> | It is sometimes necessary to use color Doppler ultrasound when valvular regurgitation is suspected, although this method should not be used to as the final diagnostic tool to determine valve dysfunction as the Doppler beam is nearly perpendicular to the flow. Instead, the presence of valvular regurgitation is based on the cardiac cycle, not the color-coding.<cite>Feigenbaum1</cite>. Another citation <cite>test</cite> | ||