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Saline Solution: Difference between revisions
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The use of echo contrast improved the detection of the PFO relative to PW Doppler color. Recent studies have shown that a transthoracic echo contrast with a similar accuracy has a transesophageal echo. | The use of echo contrast improved the detection of the PFO relative to PW Doppler color. Recent studies have shown that a transthoracic echo contrast with a similar accuracy has a transesophageal echo. | ||
Contrast is a mixture of 8 ml physiological saline (NaCl) with 0.5- 1.0ml air and 0.5- 1.0ml blood. First | Contrast is a mixture of 8 ml physiological saline (NaCl) with 0.5- 1.0ml air and 0.5- 1.0ml blood. First we look without the Valsalva maneuver, but no outcome is found, so we then use the Valsalva maneuver and this gives a result. A contrast echo is done with a AP4Ch or subcostale4Ch recording. The contrast is in the right atrium. In a positive test, it is seen crossing to the left atrium. The number of heart beats have to be counted. If there is seen in the LA contrast within 3 cardiac cycles, it is considered an intracardiac shunt. If it takes longer than three cardiac cycles are called an intrapulmonary shunt. | ||
The risk of contrast ultrasound is very low , according to a study by the American Society of echocardiography there is about 0:06 % chance of a side effect of contrast by saline. | The risk of contrast ultrasound is very low, according to a study by the American Society of echocardiography there is about 0:06 % chance of a side effect of contrast by saline. | ||
==Example== | ==Example== | ||