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Welcome to ECHOpedia, a free echocardiography textbook, designed for medical professionals such as cardiologists and echocardiography technicians.

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The ECHO Textbook Browse the illustrated ECHO Textbook Introduction Standard imaging Views Advanced Echocardiographic techniques Assessment of function Valves The normal echocardiogram Aquired heart disease Cardiomyopathies Congenital heart disease Miscellaneous Normal Values of TTE Normal Values of TEE Classification of valve stenosis and regurgitation Normal measurements of aortic valve protheses Normal measurements of mitral valve protheses

Cases and Examples Learn from these cases and examples HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Four leaflet aortic valve Aortic valve vegetation Aortic valve stenosis ARVC Dilated cardiomyopathy with severe mitral valve regurgitation Excentric aortic valve regurgitation Spontaneous echo contrast in the left ventricle Thrombus in the left ventricle Tamponade Tumor on the tricuspid valve Rupture of the ventricular septum 3D-4D Left ventricle and Mitral Valve Severe aortic regurgitation Amplatzer septal occluder in situ Aneurysm of basal inferior wall Cardiac aneurysm Aneurysm of IAS Aneurysm of basal inferior wall Aortic bioprosthesis Severe aortic regurgitation Dilated aortic root and aortic regurgitation Aortic dissection Aortic dissection Aortic dissection Quadricuspid aortic valve Endocarditis of aortic valve Severe aortic valve stenosis Thrombus of prosthetic aortic valve Abscess of aortic root Severe aortic valve stenosis Apical aneurysm of LV Apical aneurysm of LV Large aneurysm of LV Apical HCM ARVD ASD type I Muscular VSD ASD type II ASD type II ARVD AVSD ASD type I, cleft MV Bentall prosthesis Bicuspid aortic valve Bicuspid aortic valve Atrial flutter at M-Mode Carcinoid Chiari network Cleft of mitral valve Coarctatio aortae Coarctatio aortae Compression of right atrium Contrast echocardiogram Cor triatriatum Cor triatriatum dextra Coronary fistula Cyst adjacent to left atrium Severe pulmonary regurgitation Dilated pulmonary artery Bicuspid aortic valve Ebstein anomaly Ebstein anomaly Large VSD, syndrome of Eisenmenger Rocking aortic valve prosthesis Endocarditis of mitral valve Endocarditis of aortic valve Endocarditis of aortic valve Endocarditis of mitral valve Endocarditis of pacemaker lead Severe aortic, mitral, tricuspid en pulmonary valve regurgitaiton Dilated ascending aorta, severe aortic regurgitation Severe prolaps of PMVL Fistula from ascending aorta to the right ventricle Flail of mitral valve Dilated left coronary artery Dilated cardiomyopathy Giant myxoma in right atrium Giant myxoma in left atrium Apical VSD Large pseudoaneurysm of posterior wall Abscess of aortic valve prosthesis HOCM with SAM HOCM with SAM Infarction of posterior and inferior wall Apical infarction Apical and anteroseptal infarction Abnormal motion of IVS Systolic flow reversal in hepatic veins Dilated left ventricle with poor function HCM, diastolic dysfunction Marfan Syndrome Marfan Syndrome Severe tricuspid regurgitation Dilated pulmonary veins Abnormal pulmonary vein drainage Prolaps of AMVL and PMVL Prolaps of PMVL Mechanical mitral valve prosthesis Rocking mitral valve prosthesis Severe mitral valve stenosis Severe mitral valve stenosis, mitral regurgitation, aortic regurgitation Myxoma in left atrium Non-compaction cardiomyopathy Eustachian valve, LCA and RCA a vue Open ductus Botalli Open ductus Botalli Pacemaker lead in vena cava inferior Papillary muscle rupture Paraprosthetic leakage of mitral valve prosthesis Paraprosthetic leakage of aortic valve prosthesis Patent foramen ovale Pericardcyst Pericarditis constrictiva Pericardial effusion, "swinging heart" Pericardial effusion Peripherial pulmonary stenosis Perimembraneous VSD Prolaps of tricuspid valve Pulmonary valve stenosis Restrictive cardiomyopathy Sarcoidosis Cardial sarcoidosis Dilated coronary sinus Stent in aorta descendends Mobile structure in arch of aorta Mobile structure in abdominal aorta Thrombus in pulmonary artery Thrombus in vena cava inferior Subvalvular membrane Subvalvular membrane Suprasternal view Tenting of mitral valve Thrombus in the apex of left ventricle Thrombus in pulmonary artery Thrombus in the apex of left ventricle Tricuspid valve prolaps Tricuspid valve atresia Tricuspid valve stenosis Thrombus in the apex of left ventricle Severe aortic valve stenosis and plaque in abdominal aorta Tumor mass in left atrium Tumor growing into the left atrium Tumor mass in right atrium Aortic dissection type A Endocarditis of aortic valve Endocarditis of aortic valve and mitral valve Four prosthetic valves Free wall rupture of left ventricle Ventricular septum defect with right to left shunt Poor left ventricle function, spontaneous echocontrast Non-compaction cardiomyopathy of left and right venricle Abscess of aortic valve prosthesis Ebstein anomaly and non-compaction cardiomyopathy Bicuspid aortic valve, severe aortic regurgitation Stenosis of aortic valve Aneurysm of right ventricle outflow tract Dyssynchronie of left ventricle Double chambered right ventricle Bentall and aortic valve prosthesis Diastolic dysfunction (impaired relaxation) Diastolic dysfunction (pseudonormalisation) David procedure Heart device in left ventricle Non-compaction cardiomyopathy Obstruction of vena cava inferior Obstruction of vena cava inferior Starr-Edwards prosthesis of mitral valve Subvalvular membrane in left ventricle outflow tract A patients with Kahler's disease A left atrial mass

Trans Thoracic Echo Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) Introduction Probe position Standard imaging views

Trans Esophageal Echo Transesophageal Echocardiography Introduction Probe introduction TEE - standard imaging views ECHOpedia.org is part of Cardionetworks Read the section with Frequently Asked Questions for more information. These people have contributed to ECHOpedia. Also read how you can contribute to ECHOpedia! Follow the development of ECHOpedia General References and online resources