Normal Values: Difference between revisions

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Below an up-to-date list of echocardiographic normal values.
Below an up-to-date list of echocardiographic normal values.
=Left Ventricle=
=Left Ventricle=
==Left Ventricular Function==
==Left Ventricular Systolic Function==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|+'''Reference limits and values and partition values of left ventricular function<cite>ASE</cite>'''
|+'''Reference limits and values and partition values of left ventricular function<cite>ASE</cite>'''
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<li>2D, Two-dimensional.</li>
<li>2D, Two-dimensional.</li>
<li><font color="green">'''Green values'''</font>: Recommended and best validated.</li>
<li><font color="green">'''Green values'''</font>: Recommended and best validated.</li>
</ul>
|}
==Left Ventricular Diastolic Function==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|+'''Normal values for Doppler-derived diastolic measurements<cite>ASEDF</cite>'''
|-
! style="border-bottom:hidden" | &nbsp;
! colspan="8" | Age group (y)
|-
! style="width:120px" | Measurement
! colspan="2" | 16-20
! colspan="2" | 21-40
! colspan="2" | 41-60
! colspan="2" | &gt;60
|-
| IVRT (ms)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden; width:50px" | 50
| style="width:100px" | &plusmn; 9 (32-68)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden; width:50px" | 67
| style="width:100px" | &plusmn; 8 (51-83)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden; width:50px" | 74
| style="width:100px" | &plusmn; 7 (60-88)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden; width:50px" | 87
| style="width:100px" | &plusmn; 7 (73-101)
|-
| E/A ratio
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.88
| &plusmn; 0.45 (0.98-2.78)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.53
| &plusmn; 0.40 (0.73-2.33)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.28
| &plusmn; 0.25 (0.78-1.78)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 0.96
| &plusmn; 0.18 (0.6-1.32)
|-
| DT (ms)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 142
| &plusmn; 19 (104-180)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 166
| &plusmn; 14 (138-194)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 181
| &plusmn; 19 (143-219)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 200
| &plusmn; 29 (142-258)
|-
| A duration (ms)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 113
| &plusmn; 17 (79-147)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 127
| &plusmn; 13 (101-153)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 133
| &plusmn; 13 (107-159)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 138
| &plusmn; 19 (100-176)
|-
| PV S/D ratio
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 0.82
| &plusmn; 0.18 (0.46-1.18)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 0.98
| &plusmn; 0.32 (0.34-1.62)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.21
| &plusmn; 0.2 (0.81-1.61)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.39
| &plusmn; 0.47 (0.45-2.33)
|-
| PV Ar (cm/s)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 16
| &plusmn; 10 (1-36)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 21
| &plusmn; 8 (5-37)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 23
| &plusmn; 3 (17-29)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 25
| &plusmn; 9 (11-39)
|-
| PV Ar duration (ms)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 66
| &plusmn; 39 (1-144)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 96
| &plusmn; 33 (30-162)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 112
| &plusmn; 15 (82-142)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 113
| &plusmn; 30 (53-173)
|-
| Septal e&acute; (cm/s)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 14.9
| &plusmn; 2.4 (10.1-19.7)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 15.5
| &plusmn; 2.7 (10.1-20.9)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 12.2
| &plusmn; 2.3 (7.6-16.8)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 10.4
| &plusmn; 2.1 (6.2-14.6)
|-
| Septal e&acute;/a&acute; ratio
| align="center" colspan="2" | 2.4<sup>&lowast;</sup>
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.6
| &plusmn; 0.5 (0.6-2.6)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.1
| &plusmn; 0.3 (0.5-1.7)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 0.85
| &plusmn; 0.2 (0.45-1.25)
|-
| Lateral e&acute; (cm/s)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 20.6
| &plusmn; 3.8 (13-28.2)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 19.8
| &plusmn; 2.9 (14-25.6)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 16.1
| &plusmn; 2.3 (11.5-20.7)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 12.9
| &plusmn; 3.5 (5.9-19.9)
|-
| Lateral e&acute;/a&acute; ratio
| align="center" colspan="2" | 3.1<sup>&lowast;</sup>
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.9
| &plusmn; 0.6 (0.7-3.1)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.5
| &plusmn; 0.5 (0.5-2.5)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 0.9
| &plusmn; 0.4 (0.1-1.7)
|-
| colspan="9" | <ul>
<li>Data are expressed as mean &plusmn; SD (95% confidence interval). Note that for e&acute; velocity in subjects aged 16 to 20 years, values overlap with those for subjects aged 21 to 40 years. This is because e&acute; increases progressively with age in children and adolescents. Therefore, the e&acute; velocity is higher in a normal 20-year-old than in a normal 16-year-old, which results in a somewhat lower average e&acute; value when subjects aged 16 to 20 years are considered.</li>
<li><sup>&lowast;</sup> Standard deviations are not included because these data were computed, not directly provided in the original articles from which they were derived.</li>
</ul>
</ul>


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|}
|}


=diastolic function=
==table 1==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|+'''Normal values for Doppler-derived diastolic measurements'''
|-
! style="border-bottom:hidden" | &nbsp;
! colspan="8" | Age group (y)
|-
! style="width:120px" | Measurement
! colspan="2" | 16-20
! colspan="2" | 21-40
! colspan="2" | 41-60
! colspan="2" | &gt;60
|-
| IVRT (ms)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden; width:50px" | 50
| style="width:100px" | &plusmn; 9 (32-68)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden; width:50px" | 67
| style="width:100px" | &plusmn; 8 (51-83)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden; width:50px" | 74
| style="width:100px" | &plusmn; 7 (60-88)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden; width:50px" | 87
| style="width:100px" | &plusmn; 7 (73-101)
|-
| E/A ratio
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.88
| &plusmn; 0.45 (0.98-2.78)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.53
| &plusmn; 0.40 (0.73-2.33)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.28
| &plusmn; 0.25 (0.78-1.78)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 0.96
| &plusmn; 0.18 (0.6-1.32)
|-
| DT (ms)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 142
| &plusmn; 19 (104-180)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 166
| &plusmn; 14 (138-194)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 181
| &plusmn; 19 (143-219)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 200
| &plusmn; 29 (142-258)
|-
| A duration (ms)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 113
| &plusmn; 17 (79-147)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 127
| &plusmn; 13 (101-153)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 133
| &plusmn; 13 (107-159)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 138
| &plusmn; 19 (100-176)
|-
| PV S/D ratio
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 0.82
| &plusmn; 0.18 (0.46-1.18)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 0.98
| &plusmn; 0.32 (0.34-1.62)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.21
| &plusmn; 0.2 (0.81-1.61)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.39
| &plusmn; 0.47 (0.45-2.33)
|-
| PV Ar (cm/s)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 16
| &plusmn; 10 (1-36)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 21
| &plusmn; 8 (5-37)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 23
| &plusmn; 3 (17-29)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 25
| &plusmn; 9 (11-39)
|-
| PV Ar duration (ms)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 66
| &plusmn; 39 (1-144)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 96
| &plusmn; 33 (30-162)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 112
| &plusmn; 15 (82-142)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 113
| &plusmn; 30 (53-173)
|-
| Septal e&acute; (cm/s)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 14.9
| &plusmn; 2.4 (10.1-19.7)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 15.5
| &plusmn; 2.7 (10.1-20.9)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 12.2
| &plusmn; 2.3 (7.6-16.8)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 10.4
| &plusmn; 2.1 (6.2-14.6)
|-
| Septal e&acute;/a&acute; ratio
| align="center" colspan="2" | 2.4<sup>&lowast;</sup>
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.6
| &plusmn; 0.5 (0.6-2.6)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.1
| &plusmn; 0.3 (0.5-1.7)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 0.85
| &plusmn; 0.2 (0.45-1.25)
|-
| Lateral e&acute; (cm/s)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 20.6
| &plusmn; 3.8 (13-28.2)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 19.8
| &plusmn; 2.9 (14-25.6)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 16.1
| &plusmn; 2.3 (11.5-20.7)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 12.9
| &plusmn; 3.5 (5.9-19.9)
|-
| Lateral e&acute;/a&acute; ratio
| align="center" colspan="2" | 3.1<sup>&lowast;</sup>
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.9
| &plusmn; 0.6 (0.7-3.1)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 1.5
| &plusmn; 0.5 (0.5-2.5)
| align="right" style="border-right:hidden" | 0.9
| &plusmn; 0.4 (0.1-1.7)
|-
| colspan="9" | <ul>
<li>Data are expressed as mean &plusmn; SD (95% confidence interval). Note that for e&acute; velocity in subjects aged 16 to 20 years, values overlap with those for subjects aged 21 to 40 years. This is because e&acute; increases progressively with age in children and adolescents. Therefore, the e&acute; velocity is higher in a normal 20-year-old than in a normal 16-year-old, which results in a somewhat lower average e&acute; value when subjects aged 16 to 20 years are considered.</li>
<li><sup>&lowast;</sup> Standard deviations are not included because these data were computed, not directly provided in the original articles from which they were derived.</li>
</ul>
|}


=References=
=References=
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